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Intestinal metaplasia is the transformation of epithelium (usually of the stomach or the esophagus) into a type of epithelium resembling that found in the intestine. In the esophagus, this is called Barrett's esophagus .
Owing to the causal relationship between H. pylori infection and gastric MALT lymphoma, identification of the infection is imperative. Histological examination of GI biopsies yields a sensitivity of 95% with five biopsies, [7] but these should be from sites uninvolved by lymphoma and the identification of the organism may be compromised by areas of extensive intestinal metaplasia.
Intestinal metaplasia is a premalignant condition that increases the risk for subsequent gastric cancer. [4] Intestinal metaplasia lesions with an active DNA damage response will likely undergo extended latency in the premalignant state until further damaging hits override the DNA damage response leading to clonal expansion and progression. [4]
Intestinal metaplasia typically begins in response to chronic mucosal injury in the antrum and may extend to the body. Gastric mucosa cells change to resemble intestinal mucosa and may even assume absorptive characteristics. Intestinal metaplasia is classified histologically as complete or incomplete. With complete metaplasia, gastric mucosa is ...
The presence of intestinal metaplasia in Barrett's esophagus represents a marker for the progression of metaplasia towards dysplasia and eventually adenocarcinoma. This factor combined with two different immunohistochemical expression of p53, Her2 and p16 leads to two different genetic pathways that likely progress to dysplasia in Barrett's ...
Recent research has shown that autoimmune metaplastic atrophic gastritis (AMAG) is a result of the immune system attacking the parietal cells. [6]Environmental metaplastic atrophic gastritis (EMAG) is due to environmental factors, such as diet and H. pylori infection.
A Type I tumor, located between 5 and 1cm proximal to the OGJ, is an adenocarcinoma that typically arises from an area of intestinal metaplasia of the esophagus and can infiltrate the OGJ from above. A Type II tumor, located between 1cm proximal and 2cm distal to the OGJ, is a true adenocarcinoma of the gastric cardia.
Cancers of the GI tract (esophageal, gastric, and colorectal) are on the rise. Over the last 30 years there has been an increase in incidence of adenocarcinoma of the esophagus, gastroesophageal junction, and gastric cardia. [3] Gastric cancer is the fourth most common malignant tumor and third most common cause of cancer related death.