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The thalidomide molecule is a synthetic derivative of glutamic acid and consists of a glutarimide ring and a phthaloyl ring (Figure 5). [15] [16] Its IUPAC name is 2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)isoindole-1,3-dione and it has one chiral center [15] After thalidomide's selective inhibition of TNF-α had been reported, a renewed effort was put in thalidomide's clinical development.
Thalidomide is racemic; while S-thalidomide is the bioactive form of the molecule, the individual enantiomers can racemize to each other due to the acidic hydrogen at the chiral centre, which is the carbon of the glutarimide ring bonded to the phthalimide substituent. The racemization process can occur in vivo.
In a plant-based diet there is the perceived issue of amino acid content of various individual foods. A satisfying diet however, will include minimum requirements of all essential amino acids. In addition to grains, such as corn, rice, or wheat, vegetable protein also occurs in legumes, which include beans and peanuts.
Aim for whole-food sources such as meats, fish, seafood, dairy products (milk, cheese, and yogurt are good sources), eggs (which contain all essential amino acids), legumes, tofu, tempeh, nuts ...
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Structure-activity studies revealed that amino substituted thalidomide had improved antitumor activity, which was due to its ability to directly inhibit both the tumor cell and vascular compartments of myeloma cancers. [18] This dual activity of pomalidomide makes it more efficacious than thalidomide in vitro and in vivo. [19]
One food on the top of Dr. Brady's brain food list is fatty fish, such as tuna, salmon, sardines, herring and mackerel, telling Parade, "Fatty fish are high in omega-3 fatty acids, especially EPA ...
Together, these factors demonstrate that a food web's structure affects its sensitivity to reductions in biodiversity, highlighting the importance of food web studies. Amino acid isotopes are an important tool used in this field. [4] The abundance of 15 N in some amino acids reflects an organism's position in a food web. This is due to the ways ...