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Visual or vision impairment (VI or VIP) is the partial or total inability of visual perception.In the absence of treatment such as corrective eyewear, assistive devices, and medical treatment, visual impairment may cause the individual difficulties with normal daily tasks, including reading and walking. [6]
Vitamin A deficiency is the leading cause of preventable childhood blindness worldwide and is a major cause of childhood mortality. [1] Each year, approximately 250,000 to 500,000 malnourished children in the developing world go blind from a VAD, with about half of whom dying within a year of losing their sight. [2]
There are many diseases known to cause ocular or visual changes. Diabetes , for example, is the leading cause of new cases of blindness in those aged 20–74, with ocular manifestations such as diabetic retinopathy and macular edema affecting up to 80% of those who have had the disease for 15 years or more.
Retinitis pigmentosa is the leading cause of inherited blindness, [51] with approximately 1/4,000 individuals experiencing the non-syndromic form of their disease within their lifetime. [52] It is estimated that 1.5 million people worldwide are currently affected.
This condition is one of the leading causes that leads to blindness in patients in the age range of 20–60 years old. Retinitis may be caused by several infectious agents, including toxoplasmosis, [1] cytomegalovirus and candida. [2] Cytomegalovirus retinitis is an important cause of blindness in AIDS patients. [2]
Diabetic Macular Edema (DME): is an eye disease specifically related to diabetes, occurring due to fluid build-up in the retina as a result of sustained high blood glucose levels. It can result in blurred vision and vision loss. [5] Eye floaters and spots: where visible cloud-like images appear to "float" in an individual's field of vision. [6]
It is the cause of approximately 5% of blindness in the United States and nearly 60% of blindness in parts of Africa and South America. [12] Blindness from cataracts occurs in about 10 to 40 per 100,000 children in the developing world, and 1 to 4 per 100,000 children in the developed world. [7] Cataracts become more common with age. [1]
Vitamin A deficiency is a leading cause of preventable childhood blindness, particularly in developing countries. Vitamin A deficiency is defined as a serum (blood) concentration of less than 0.70 μmol/L while a severe deficiency is defined as less than 0.35 μmol/L, per the Centers of Disease Control National Health and Nutrition Examination ...