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The Kural text has a total of 9310 cirs made of 12,000 Tamil words, of which about 50 words are from Sanskrit and the remaining are Tamil original words. [89] A manual count has shown that there are in total 42,194 letters in the entire work, with the shortest ones (kurals 833 and 1304) containing 23 letters and the longest ones (kurals 957 and ...
N. E. Kindersley, the first ever English translator of the Kural V. V. S. Aiyar, the first native scholar who made a complete translation of the Kural into English Following the translation of the Kural text into Latin by Constantius Joseph Beschi in 1730, [ 10 ] Nathaniel Edward Kindersley attempted the first ever English translation of the ...
In 1886, George Uglow Pope published the first complete English translation in verse by a single author, which brought the Kural text to a wide audience of the western world. [ 14 ] By the turn of the twenty-first century, the Kural had already been translated to more than 37 world languages, [ 15 ] with at least 24 complete translations in ...
The word kural applies in general to something that is short or abridged. In the words of Albert Schweitzer , "kural" means short strophe. [ 6 ] More specifically, it is a very short Tamil poetic form consisting of two lines, the first line consisting of four words (known as cir s) and the second line consisting of three, which should also ...
The Kural is one of the most important forms of classical Tamil language poetry. It is a very short poetic form being an independent couplet complete in 2 lines, the first line consisting of 4 words and the second line consisting of 3.
Valluvar is revered and highly esteemed in the Tamil culture, and this is reflected in the fact that his work has been called by nine different names: Tirukkuṟaḷ (the sacred kural), Uttaravedam (the ultimate Veda), Thiruvalluvar (eponymous with the author), Poyyamoli (the falseless word), Vayurai valttu (truthful praise), Teyvanul (the ...
"The Kural's sentences are as binding as the Ten Commandments on the Jews. Kural is as important and influential on the Tamil mind as Dante's great work on the language and thought of Italy." [8] (Charles E. Gover, English folklorist, d. 1872) "No translation can convey any idea of its charming effect. It is truly an apple of gold in a network ...
Aṟam is the Tamil word for what is known in Sanskrit as 'Dharma', and pāl means 'division'. [5] [6] The concept of aṟam or dharma is of pivotal importance in Indian philosophy and religion. With a long and varied history, the word straddles a complex set of meanings and interpretations, rendering it impossible to provide a single concise ...