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The command sudo is related, and executes a command as another user but observes a set of constraints about which users can execute which commands as which other users (generally in a configuration file named /etc/sudoers, best editable by the command visudo).
The /etc/sudoers file contains a list of users or user groups with permission to execute a subset of commands while having the privileges of the root user or another specified user. The file is recommended [by whom?] to be edited by using the command sudo visudo. Sudo contains several configuration options such as allowing commands to be run as ...
sudo centralizes all privilege authorization information in a single configuration file, /etc/sudoers, which contains a list of users and the privileged applications and actions that those users are permitted to use. The grammar of the sudoers file is intended to be flexible enough to cover many different scenarios, such as placing restrictions ...
The /etc/passwd file is a text-based database of information about users that may log into the system or other operating system user identities that own running processes.. In many operating systems, this file is just one of many possible back-ends for the more general passwd name service.
Polkit (formerly PolicyKit) is a component for controlling system-wide privileges in Unix-like operating systems. It provides an organized way for non-privileged processes to communicate with privileged ones.
The root user can do many things an ordinary user cannot, such as changing the ownership of files and binding to network ports numbered below 1024. The name root may have originated because root is the only user account with permission to modify the root directory of a Unix system.
A file system object has 3 sets of access permissions, one set for the owner, one set for the group and one set for others. Changing the group of an object could be used to change which users can write to a file. cksum — generates a checksum value for a file or stream of data. The cksum command reads each file given in its arguments, or ...
In Linux, if the script was executed by a regular user, the shell would attempt to execute the command rm -rf / as a regular user, and the command would fail. However, if the script was executed by the root user, then the command would likely succeed and the filesystem would be erased. It is recommended to use sudo on a per-command basis instead.