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The Tanner scale remains the gold standard for determining pubarche. In clinical settings, this scale is primarily used by physicians, nurses, or other trained healthcare providers as part of a physical examination to assess the stage of puberty in children and adolescents, though in some cases the stage of puberty can be self-assessed. [4]
The Tanner scale (also known as the Tanner stages or sexual maturity rating (SMR)) is a scale of physical development as pre-pubescent children transition into adolescence, and then adulthood. The scale defines physical measurements of development based on external primary and secondary sex characteristics , such as the size of the breasts ...
It is referred to as pubarche. The pubic hairs are usually visible first along the labia. The first few hairs are described as Tanner stage 2. [52] Stage 3 is usually reached within another 6–12 months, when the hairs are too numerous to count and appear on the pubic mound as well. By stage 4, the pubic hairs densely fill the "pubic triangle".
Tanner Scale of female breast development Thelarche , also known as breast budding, is the onset of secondary breast development , often representing the beginning of pubertal development. [ 1 ] It is the stage at which male and female breasts differentiate due to variance in hormone levels; however, some males have a condition in which they ...
English: Male Tanner scale matrix with intact foreskin. In top-left corner there are two symbols: black triangle that represents pubic hair and semioval with semicircle representing penis and scrotum respectively - in other words, rows show development stages of genitals and columns show development stages of pubic hair.
Gonadarche (/ ˌ ɡ oʊ n ə ˈ d ɑːr k i /) refers to the earliest gonadal (reproductive gland) changes of puberty. [1] In response to pituitary gonadotropins, the ovaries in females and the testes in males begin to grow and increase the production of the sex steroids, especially estradiol and testosterone. [2]
James Mourilyan Tanner (1 August 1920 – 11 August 2010) was a British paediatric endocrinologist who was best known for his development of the Tanner scale, which measures the stages of sexual development during puberty. He was a professor emeritus of the Institute of Child Health at the University of London. [1] [2] [3]
Sexual differentiation is the process of development of the sex differences between males and females from an undifferentiated zygote. [1] [2] Sex determination is often distinct from sex differentiation; sex determination is the designation for the development stage towards either male or female, while sex differentiation is the pathway towards the development of the phenotype.