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The Constitution of the Year III (French: Constitution de l’an III) was the constitution of the French First Republic that established the Executive Directory. Adopted by the convention on 5 Fructidor Year III (22 August 1795) and approved by plebiscite on 6 September. Its preamble is the Declaration of the Rights and Duties of Man and of the ...
Two referendums were held in France on 6 September 1795: one adopting the Constitution of the Year III establishing the Directory, and another on the Two-Thirds Decree reserving two-thirds of the seats in the new Council of Five Hundred and Council of Ancients for former members of the National Convention. [1]
The new Constitution of the Year III was presented to the Convention and debated between 4 July – 17 August 1795, and was formally adopted on 22 August 1795. It was a long document, with 377 articles, compared with 124 in the first French Constitution of 1793 .
9.3 August 22 – September 23, 1795 – The new Constitution is approved: the Directory takes power 9.4 October 5, 1795 – "A whiff of grapeshot": General Bonaparte suppresses a royalist rebellion in Paris
The new system is seen by many historians as imitating the British parliamentary system, while expanding on what is now known as the French system of a separate executive and assembly, which work in conjunction (this being a mix of parliamentary and presidential known as semi-presidentialism).
The Manifesto of the Equals (French: Le Manifeste des Égaux) was a document written in 1796 and recited at a meeting of the Society of the Pantheon, a political group that sought to challenge the new repressive government of France and the Constitution of 1795.
Constitution of the Year III, which instituted the Directory (5 Fructidor of Year III = 28 July 1795). Constitution of the Year VIII, which instituted the Consulate (22 Fructidor of the Year VIII = 13 December 1799). Constitution of the Year X, still during the Consulate (16 Thermidor of Year X = 2 August 1802).
Condorcet was on the Constitution Committee and was the main author of the Girondin constitutional project. This constitution was not put to a vote. When the Montagnards gained control of the Convention, they wrote their own, the French Constitution of 1793. Condorcet criticized the new work, and as a result, he was branded a traitor.