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The human back, also called the dorsum (pl.: dorsa), is the large posterior area of the human body, rising from the top of the buttocks to the back of the neck. [1] It is the surface of the body opposite from the chest and the abdomen. The vertebral column runs the length of the back and creates a central area of recession.
The vertebral column, also known as the spinal column, spine or backbone, is the core part of the axial skeleton in vertebrate animals.The vertebral column is the defining and eponymous characteristic of the vertebrate endoskeleton, where the notochord (an elastic collagen-wrapped glycoprotein rod) found in all chordates has been replaced by a segmented series of mineralized irregular bones ...
Each vertebra (pl.: vertebrae) is an irregular bone with a complex structure composed of bone and some hyaline cartilage, that make up the vertebral column or spine, of vertebrates. The proportions of the vertebrae differ according to their spinal segment and the particular species. The basic configuration of a vertebra varies; the bone is the ...
Spinal posture. Spinal posture is the position of the spine in the human body. It is debated what the optimal spinal posture is, [1] and whether poor spinal posture causes lower back pain. [2] Good spinal posture may help develop balance, strength and flexibility. [3][4]
The trapezius muscle (pl.: trapezii) is a surface muscle of back, shown in red above and below. Details. Origin. Medial one-third of superior nuchal line, external occipital protuberance, spinous processes of vertebrae C7-T12, Nuchal ligament [1] Insertion. Posterior border of the lateral one-third of the clavicle, acromion process, and spine ...
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to human anatomy: Human anatomy is the scientific study of the morphology of the adult human. It is subdivided into gross anatomy and microscopic anatomy. Gross anatomy (also called topographical anatomy, regional anatomy, or anthropotomy) is the study of anatomical ...
Surface anatomy of the back. Posterior superior iliac spine lies in the marking of S2. The posterior border of the ala, shorter than the anterior, also presents two projections separated by a notch, the posterior superior iliac spine and the posterior inferior iliac spine. The posterior superior iliac spine serves for the attachment of the ...
Sacroiliac joint. Human female pelvis, anterior view, with sacroiliac joint within red ellipse. The sacroiliac joint or SI joint (SIJ) is the joint between the sacrum and the ilium bones of the pelvis, which are connected by strong ligaments. In humans, the sacrum supports the spine and is supported in turn by an ilium on each side.