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A tongji or jitong is a person believed to have been chosen by a particular shen (chinese deity) or spirit as the earthly vehicle for divine expression. The Chinese differentiate a wu 巫 "shaman; healer; spirit medium" who gains control of forces in the spirit world versus a tongji who appears to be entirely under the control of forces in the ...
The word tongji 童乩 (lit. "youth diviner") "shaman; spirit-medium" is a near-synonym of wu. Modern Chinese distinguishes native wu from "Siberian shaman": saman 薩滿 or saman 薩蠻; and from Indian Shramana "wandering monk; ascetic": shamen 沙門, sangmen 桑門, or sangmen 喪門.
Wu is used in compounds like wugu 巫蠱 "sorcery; cast harmful spells", wushen 巫神 or shenwu 神巫 (with shen "spirit; god") "wizard; sorcerer", and wuxian 巫仙 (with xian "immortal; alchemist") "immortal shaman". The word tongji 童乩 (lit. "youth diviner") "shaman; spirit-medium" is a near-synonym of wu.
The spirit usually enters the body of the medium that is present at the table. At this time, those individuals seated around the table have the ability to ask questions to spirits who have entered the world through the mediums. [9] Furthermore, the spirit(s) is seen as a source of possible solutions to problems that are plaguing people.
Tongji Lu Station (同济路站), a metro station in Foshan, China; Tongji Medical College (同济医学院), in Wuhan, China; Tongji University (同济大学), a university in Shanghai, China; Tongji University station (同济大学站), a metro in Shanghai, China; Tongji (spirit medium) (童乩), a form of Chinese shaman or oracle
A second meaning of shen refers to the human spirit or psyche that is seen in the body as luster or vigor and in the mind as vitality and enthusiasm; it is the basic power or agency within humans that accounts for life, and in order to further life to its fullest potential, the spirit (Shen) is transformed to actualize potential (Jing 精 ).
' spirit world ') – A spiritual, non-corporeal world that coexists with the material world, that human beings inhabit, but in a different dimension. Senjafuda ( 千社札 , lit. ' thosuand shrine tags ' ) – Votive slips, stickers or placards (and ofuda ) posted on the gates or buildings of Shinto shrines and Buddhist temples in Japan.
To these reasons, early leaders added the material support of spirit mediums and healers, just as other religious groups provided for the support of their clergy. Among the NSA's first leaders were W. H. Bach, Harrison D. Barrett (former Unitarian clergymen), Luther V. Moulton, James Martin Peebles, and Cora L. V. Scott (spiritualist medium). [2]