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A tongji or jitong is a person believed to have been chosen by a particular shen (chinese deity) or spirit as the earthly vehicle for divine expression. The Chinese differentiate a wu 巫 "shaman; healer; spirit medium" who gains control of forces in the spirit world versus a tongji who appears to be entirely under the control of forces in the ...
The word tongji 童乩 (lit. "youth diviner") "shaman; spirit-medium" is a near-synonym of wu. Modern Chinese distinguishes native wu from "Siberian shaman": saman 薩滿 or saman 薩蠻; and from Indian Shramana "wandering monk; ascetic": shamen 沙門, sangmen 桑門, or sangmen 喪門.
Wu is used in compounds like wugu 巫蠱 "sorcery; cast harmful spells", wushen 巫神 or shenwu 神巫 (with shen "spirit; god") "wizard; sorcerer", and wuxian 巫仙 (with xian "immortal; alchemist") "immortal shaman". The word tongji 童乩 (lit. "youth diviner") "shaman; spirit-medium" is a near-synonym of wu.
Tongji Lu Station (同济路站), a metro station in Foshan, China; Tongji Medical College (同济医学院), in Wuhan, China; Tongji University (同济大学), a university in Shanghai, China; Tongji University station (同济大学站), a metro in Shanghai, China; Tongji (spirit medium) (童乩), a form of Chinese shaman or oracle
Chinese ritual mastery traditions, also referred to as ritual teachings (Chinese: 法教; pinyin: fǎjiào, sometimes rendered as "Faism"), [1] [2] Folk Taoism (民間道教; Mínjiàn Dàojiào), or Red Taoism (mostly in east China and Taiwan), constitute a large group of Chinese orders of ritual officers who operate within the Chinese folk religion but outside the institutions of official ...
Through these mediums she made it known to the community that she would be satisfied only if they gave up meat, fish, liquor and toddy. [6] The propitiation ceremony of the Mangela Kolis and Vaitty Kolis conformed to this pattern. As their spirit-mediums were normally female, women were possessed by the goddess and made her wishes known.
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Shen in the meaning of "spiritual" is a synonym. [96] The Yijing states that "spiritual means not measured by yin and yang". [96] Ling is the state of the "medium" of the bivalency (yin-yang), and thus it is identical with the inchoate order of creation. [14]