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A subsidence crater is a hole or depression left on the surface of an area which has had an underground (usually nuclear) explosion. Many such craters are commonly present at bomb testing areas; one notable example is the Nevada Test Site , which was historically used for nuclear weapons testing over a period of 41 years.
If it does, a subsidence crater is created. [26] Such a crater is usually bowl-shaped, and ranges in size from around 100 feet to over half a mile in diameter. [ 26 ] At the Nevada Test Site , 95 percent of tests conducted at a scaled depth of burial (SDOB) of less than 150 caused surface collapse, compared with about half of tests conducted at ...
Kilauea with Halemaʻumaʻu Deep pit crater on Hualalai Hawaii. A pit crater (also called a subsidence crater or collapse crater) is a depression formed by a sinking or collapse of the surface lying above a void or empty chamber, rather than by the eruption of a volcano or lava vent. [1]
The explosion displaced twelve million tons of earth, creating a crater 1,280 ft (390 m) wide and 320 ft (98 m) deep in Area 10. For an underground shot, a relatively large amount of energy was vented to the atmosphere, estimated to be 2.5 kilotons (7.4 bars of pressure). [ 9 ]
More recent evidence suggests the crater is 300 km (190 mi) wide, and the 180 km (110 mi) ring observed is an inner wall of the larger crater. [19] Hildebrand, Penfield, Boynton, Camargo, and others published their paper identifying the crater in 1991. [10] [16] The crater was named for the nearby town of Chicxulub Pueblo. Penfield also ...
Subsidence frequently causes major problems in karst terrains, where dissolution of limestone by fluid flow in the subsurface creates voids (i.e., caves).If the roof of a void becomes too weak, it can collapse and the overlying rock and earth will fall into the space, causing subsidence at the surface.
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A pit crater (also called a subsidence crater or collapse crater) is a depression formed by a sinking or collapse of the surface lying above a void or empty chamber, rather than by the eruption of a volcano or lava vent. [15] Pit craters are found on Mercury, Venus, [16] [17] Earth, Mars, [18] and the Moon. [19]