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  2. Kinetic Monte Carlo - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinetic_Monte_Carlo

    The kinetic Monte Carlo (KMC) method is a Monte Carlo method computer simulation intended to simulate the time evolution of some processes occurring in nature. Typically these are processes that occur with known transition rates among states. These rates are inputs to the KMC algorithm; the method itself cannot predict them.

  3. Subfunctionalization - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subfunctionalization

    Subfunctionalization is a neutral mutation process in which each paralog retains a subset of its original ancestral function. The figure illustrates that the ancestral gene (orange & blue) is capable of both functions before gene duplication. After gene duplication the functional capabilities are divided amongst the gene copies.

  4. Site-directed mutagenesis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Site-directed_mutagenesis

    Commercial applications – Proteins may be engineered to produce mutant forms that are tailored for a specific application. For example, commonly used laundry detergents may contain subtilisin , whose wild-type form has a methionine that can be oxidized by bleach, significantly reducing the activity the protein in the process. [ 25 ]

  5. Ward No. 108, Kolkata Municipal Corporation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ward_No._108,_Kolkata...

    Ward No. 108, Kolkata Municipal Corporation is an administrative division of Kolkata Municipal Corporation in Borough No. 12, covering parts of VIP Nagar, Jagorani colony (Gouranga Pally-Matongini Colony), Uttar Panchanna Gram (Martin Para-Gulshan Colony), Paschim Chowbaga, Sardarhat, Chowbaga, Bantala, Adarsha Nagar, Nonadanga, Mundapara and East Calcutta Township (Ruby-Anandapur-Nazirabad ...

  6. Ward No. 92, Kolkata Municipal Corporation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ward_No._92,_Kolkata...

    Ward No. 92, Kolkata Municipal Corporation is an administrative division of Kolkata Municipal Corporation in Borough No. 10, covering parts of Dhakuria (Babu Bagan-Selimpur-Teli Para-Tanu Pukur), Jadavpur University and Garfa (Naskar Para-Shahid Nagar/ Sweet Land-Jheel Road/ Newland-Pal Bazar-Viveknagar-Pratapgarh) neighbourhoods in South Kolkata, in the Indian state of West Bengal.

  7. Ka/Ks ratio - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ka/Ks_ratio

    A 2022 study reported that synonymous mutations in representative yeast genes are mostly strongly non-neutral, which calls into question the assumptions underlying use of the K a /K s ratio. [ 4 ] In addition, as time progresses, it is possible for a site to undergo multiple modifications.

  8. Slipped strand mispairing - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slipped_strand_mispairing

    Slipped strand mispairing (SSM, also known as replication slippage) is a mutation process which occurs during DNA replication. It involves denaturation and displacement of the DNA strands, resulting in mispairing of the complementary bases. Slipped strand mispairing is one explanation for the origin and evolution of repetitive DNA sequences. [1]

  9. DNA shuffling - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA_shuffling

    It is possible to recombine portions of the parent genes to generate hybrids or chimeric forms with unique properties, hence the term DNA shuffling. [22] The disadvantage of molecular breeding is the requirement for the similarity between the sequences, which has inspired the development of other procedures for DNA shuffling. [1]