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A senatus consultum (Latin: decree of the senate, plural: senatus consulta) is a text emanating from the senate in Ancient Rome. It is used in the modern phrase senatus consultum ultimum. Translated into French as sénatus-consulte, the term was also used during the French Consulate, the First French Empire and the Second French Empire.
The princeps senatus (pl. principes senatus), in English the leader of the senate, was the first member by precedence on the membership rolls of the Roman Senate. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Although officially out of the cursus honorum and possessing no imperium , this office conferred prestige on the senator holding it.
The Senate of the Roman Republic. US Government Printing Office Senate Document 103–23. ISBN 0-16-058996-7. Cicero, Marcus Tullius (1841). The Political Works of Marcus Tullius Cicero: Comprising his Treatise on the Commonwealth; and his Treatise on the Laws. Vol. 1 (Translated from the original, with Dissertations and Notes in Two Volumes By ...
There were three types of gatherings, the comitia, the concilium, and the contio.The first two were formal gatherings where legal decisions were made. The first, the comitia (or comitiatus), was an assembly of all Roman citizens convened to take a legal action, such as enacting laws, electing magistrates, and trying judicial cases. [27]
The Senate of the Roman Republic. U.S. Government Printing Office Senate Document 103–23. Cicero, Marcus Tullius (1841). The Political Works of Marcus Tullius Cicero: Comprising his Treatise on the Commonwealth; and his Treatise on the Laws. Vol. 1 (Translated from the original, with Dissertations and Notes in Two Volumes By Francis Barham ...
At this point, the Senate also granted Octavian the title "augustus" and the position of princeps senatus, or the first Senator. When Augustus, as Octavian was renamed, gave up the consulship in 23 BC, [ 5 ] the Senate granted him an expansion of his proconsular authority, with legal authority at the same level as those of the normal consuls.
The Senate of the Roman Republic. U.S. Government Printing Office, Senate Document 103-23. Cicero, Marcus Tullius (1841). The Political Works of Marcus Tullius Cicero: Comprising his Treatise on the Commonwealth; and his Treatise on the Laws. Translated from the original, with Dissertations and Notes in Two Volumes. By Francis Barham, Esq ...
However it was the creation of this new body that stood to make the Senate a second tier legislative body, as fundamentally the consilium principis controlled the bills put forward to the Senate. Therefore, the Senate, the most important administration of the Roman Republic, remained in name only. Scullard states, "But though in practice the ...