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A woman demonstrating the ability to balance A waiter balancing wine glasses. Balance in biomechanics, is an ability to maintain the line of gravity (vertical line from centre of mass) of a body within the base of support with minimal postural sway. [1] Sway is the horizontal movement of the centre of gravity even when a person is standing still.
In simpler terms, LoS represents the maximum distance an individual can intentionally sway in any direction without losing balance or needing to take a step. [2] The typical range of stable swaying is approximately 12.5° in the front-back (antero-posterior) direction and 16° in the side-to-side (medio-lateral) direction. [3]
The sway of quiet standing is often likened to the motion of an inverted pendulum. [7] There are many mechanisms in the body that are suggested to control this movement, e.g. a spring action in muscles, higher control from the nervous system or core muscles.
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High chair by Cosco (1957) High chair, a children's chair to raise them to the height of adults for feeding. They typically come with a detachable tray so that the child can sit apart from the main table. Booster chairs raise the height of children on regular chairs so they can eat at the main dining table.
A swivel, swivelling, spinny, or revolving chair is a chair with a single central leg that allows the seat to rotate 360 degrees to the left or right. A concept of a rotating chair with swivel castors was illustrated by the Nuremberg noble Martin Löffelholz von Kolberg in his 1505 technological illuminated manuscript , the so-called Codex ...
In 1958 a flight simulator for the Comet 4 aircraft used a three-degrees-of-freedom hydraulic system. Simulator motion platforms today use 6 jacks ("Hexapods") giving all six degrees-of-freedom, the three rotations pitch, roll and yaw, plus the three translational movements heave (up and down), sway (sideways) and surge (longitudinal).
The inverted pendulum has been employed in various devices and trying to balance an inverted pendulum presents a unique engineering problem for researchers. [7] The inverted pendulum was a central component in the design of several early seismometers due to its inherent instability resulting in a measurable response to any disturbance.