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The regional languages of France are sometimes called patois, but this term (roughly meaning "dialects") is often considered derogatory. Patois is used to refer to essentially oral languages, [ 6 ] even though some have a current and/or historical use, such as Occitan, which was already being written at a time when French was not and its ...
(On this page a regional language has parentheses next to it that contain a region, province, etc. where the language has regional status.) National language A language that uniquely represents the national identity of a state, nation, and/or country and is so designated by a country's government; some are technically minority languages.
A regional language is a language spoken in a region of a sovereign state, whether it be a small area, a federated state or province or some wider area.. Internationally, for the purposes of the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages, "regional or minority languages" means languages that are:
Although the name Franco-Provençal suggests it is a bridge dialect between French and the Provençal dialect of Occitan, it is a separate Gallo-Romance language that transitions into the Oïl languages Burgundian and Frainc-Comtou to the northwest, into Romansh to the east, into the Gallo-Italic Piemontese to the southeast, and finally into the Vivaro-Alpine dialect of Occitan to the southwest.
India (with 21 other regional languages) Nogai: Dagestan (as one of the Dagestan peoples languages; with Russian) [69] Karachay–Cherkessia (state language; with Abaza, Cherkess, Karachay and Russian) [67] Occitan: Catalonia, with Catalan and Spanish) Odia: India (with 21 other regional languages) Odisha; Ossetic (Digor and Iron dialects):
French is an administrative language and is commonly but unofficially used in the Maghreb states, Mauritania, Algeria, Morocco and Tunisia.As of 2023, an estimated 350 million African people spread across 34 African countries can speak French either as a first or second language, mostly as a secondary language, making Africa the continent with the most French speakers in the world. [2]
Dialects and languages of immigrants are not included in the official definition of the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. The European Union regards Luxembourgish as a minority language, too, as it is not an official language of the EU. Through June 13, 2005, the Irish language also had this status.
Today, more than half of all scientific journals are published in English; even in France almost one-third of all natural science research appears in English, [44] so that English can be seen as the lingua franca of science and technology. English is also the lingua franca of international air traffic control [45] and seafaring communications.