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The Spanish transition to democracy, known in Spain as la Transición (IPA: [la tɾansiˈθjon]; ' the Transition ') or la Transición española (' the Spanish Transition '), is a period of modern Spanish history encompassing the regime change that moved from the Francoist dictatorship to the consolidation of a parliamentary system, in the form of constitutional monarchy under Juan Carlos I.
In the history of contemporary Spain, the death of caudillo Francisco Franco on 20 November 1975 marked the beginning of the Spanish transition to democracy, the establishment of the parliamentary monarchy and the subsequent accession of King Juan Carlos I to the throne.
The first national elections held in Spain following the death of Franco in 1975 took place in 1977. For the first time since the Second Spanish Republic, women were fully franchised. For many women, these elections were a hopeful moment and represented a milestone in the democratic transition.
Spanish transition to democracy: The transition began. 1977: 15 June: First democratic election since 1934. 1978: 27 December: The Spanish Constitution of 1978 was signed by the King. Autonomous communities of Spain: 1981: Spanish society after the democratic transition: A democratic society was established. 23 February
The Law for Political Reform (Ley de Reforma Política) of 1977, last of the Fundamental Laws and passed after Franco's death, started the Spanish transition to democracy. Constitution of 1978: 1978–present Constitutional monarchy Parliamentary democracy with bicameral, elective parliament. Currently in force.
Transition to democracy (1975–1978) Current constitution (1978) 1981 coup d'état attempt; Madrid train bombings (2004) 2008–2014 financial crisis; 2017 Barcelona attacks; Catalan declaration of independence (2017) COVID-19 pandemic (2020–2022)
Childcare in Francoist Spain and the democratic transition was not about the needs of the mother, but about the needs of the state to educate children. While childcare centers had been provided by Republican aligned unions in the Spanish Civil Wars , with the start of the Franco period women were discouraged from participating in the workforce.
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