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Pulmonary aspiration is the entry of solid or liquid material such as pharyngeal secretions, food, drink, or stomach contents from the oropharynx or gastrointestinal tract, into the trachea and lungs. [1] When pulmonary aspiration occurs during eating and drinking, the aspirated material is often colloquially referred to as "going down the ...
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The tidyverse is a collection of open source packages for the R programming language introduced by Hadley Wickham [1] and his team that "share an underlying design philosophy, grammar, and data structures" of tidy data. [2] Characteristic features of tidyverse packages include extensive use of non-standard evaluation and encouraging piping. [3 ...
The language was inspired by the S programming language, with most S programs able to run unaltered in R. [6] The language was also inspired by Scheme's lexical scoping, allowing for local variables. [1] The name of the language, R, comes from being both an S language successor as well as the shared first letter of the authors, Ross and Robert ...
When a tube of a narrow bore, often called a capillary tube, is dipped into a liquid and the liquid wets the tube (with zero contact angle), the liquid surface inside the tube forms a concave meniscus, which is a virtually spherical surface having the same radius, r, as the inside of the tube. The tube experiences a downward force of magnitude ...
In plug flow, the velocity of the fluid is assumed to be constant across any cross-section of the pipe perpendicular to the axis of the pipe. The plug flow model assumes there is no boundary layer adjacent to the inner wall of the pipe. The plug flow model has many practical applications. One example is in the design of chemical reactors ...
Showing wall boundary condition. The most common boundary that comes upon in confined fluid flow problems is the wall of the conduit. The appropriate requirement is called the no-slip boundary condition, wherein the normal component of velocity is fixed at zero, and the tangential component is set equal to the velocity of the wall. [1]
In fluid mechanics, pipe flow is a type of fluid flow within a closed conduit, such as a pipe, duct or tube. It is also called as Internal flow. [1] The other type of flow within a conduit is open channel flow. These two types of flow are similar in many ways, but differ in one important aspect.