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According to Gethin, the four truths and the eightfold path are only two lists of "literally hundreds of similar lists covering the whole range of the theory and practice of ancient Buddhism." [120] The position of the four truths within the canon raises questions, and has been investigated throughout the 19th and 20th centuries. [121]
The Buddhist path (marga) to liberation, also referred to as awakening, is described in a wide variety of ways. [1] The classical one is the Noble Eightfold Path, which is only one of several summaries presented in the Sutta Pitaka. A number of other paths to liberation exist within various Buddhist traditions and theology.
A common presentation of the core structure of Buddha's teaching found in the early texts is that of the Four Noble Truths, [349] which refers to the Noble Eightfold Path. [ 350 ] [ aj ] According to Gethin, another common summary of the path to awakening wisely used in the early texts is "abandoning the hindrances , practice of the four ...
Understanding of the right view is the preliminary role, and is also the forerunner of the entire Noble Eightfold Path. [29] [108] According to the modern Theravada monk and scholar Walpola Rahula, the divisions of the noble eightfold path "are to be developed more or less simultaneously, as far as possible according to the capacity of each ...
The Four Noble Truths; The Noble Eightfold Path; The Twelve Insights of the Four Noble Truths; Proclamation of release from the cycle of rebirth (commonly referred to as nibbana) The Opening of the Dhamma Eye (the attainment of right view) of the first awakened disciple, Aññā Kondañña
The Four Noble Truths are called the catvāry ārya satyāni (Sanskrit) or cattāri ariya saccāni (Pali). The Noble Eightfold Path is called the ārya mārga (Sanskrit, also āryāṣṭāṅgikamārga) or ariya magga (Pāli). Buddha's Dharma and Vinaya are the ariyassa dhammavinayo.
This spiritual path is defined as the Noble Eightfold Path that leads to awakening. The second formulation, "teaching the Dharma by the middle," refers to how the Buddha's Dharma (Teaching) approaches ontological issues of existence and personal identity by avoiding eternalism (or absolutism) and annihilationism (or nihilism).
magga (path, Noble Eightfold Path) is the means to end this dukkha. [15] [16] [17] The Four Noble Truths express the central problem motivating Buddhist ethics—the need for liberation from suffering. According to the first Noble Truth, worldly existence is fraught with suffering (dukkha).