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Gene structure is the organisation of specialised sequence elements within a gene.Genes contain most of the information necessary for living cells to survive and reproduce. [1] [2] In most organisms, genes are made of DNA, where the particular DNA sequence determines the function of the gene.
A structural gene is a gene that codes for any RNA or protein product other than a regulatory factor (i.e. regulatory protein).Structural genes are typically viewed as those containing sequences of DNA corresponding to the amino acids of a protein that will be produced, as long as said protein does not function to regulate gene expression.
The TCF7L2 gene, encoding the TCF7L2 protein, is located on chromosome 10q25.2-q25.3. The gene contains 19 exons. [7] [8] Of the 19 exons, 5 are alternative. [8]The TCF7L2 protein contains 619 amino acids and its molecular mass is 67919 Da. [26]
Neuregulin 1, or NRG1, is a gene of the epidermal growth factor family that in humans is encoded by the NRG1 gene. [3] [4] NRG1 is one of four proteins in the neuregulin family that act on the EGFR family of receptors.
DNA mismatch repair protein Mlh1 or MutL protein homolog 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MLH1 gene located on chromosome 3.The gene is commonly associated with hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer.
Gene expression is the process by which information from a gene is used in the synthesis of a functional gene product that enables it to produce end products, proteins or non-coding RNA, and ultimately affect a phenotype.
In 1999 it was reported that telomeres, which cap the end of chromosomes, terminate in a lariat-like structure termed a T-loop (Telomere-loop). [11] This is a loop of both strands of the chromosome which are joined to an earlier point in the double-stranded DNA by the 3' strand end invading the strand pair to form a D-loop.
A derived G-allele point mutation with pleiotropic effects in EDAR, 370A or rs3827760, is found in ancient and modern East Asians, North Asians, Southeast Asians, Nepalese, [5] and Native Americans but not common in African or European populations.