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  2. Depression (mood) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Depression_(mood)

    Depression is a mental state of low mood and aversion to activity. [ 3] It affects more than 280 million people of all ages (about 3.5% of the global population). [ 4] Depression affects a person's thoughts, behavior, feelings, and sense of well-being. [ 5] Depressed people often experience loss of motivation or interest in, or reduced pleasure ...

  3. Major depressive disorder - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Major_depressive_disorder

    Major depressive disorder ( MDD ), also known as clinical depression, is a mental disorder [ 8] characterized by at least two weeks of pervasive low mood, low self-esteem, and loss of interest or pleasure in normally enjoyable activities. Introduced by a group of US clinicians in the mid-1970s, [ 9] the term was adopted by the American ...

  4. Major depressive episode - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Major_depressive_episode

    Medication. Antidepressants. A major depressive episode ( MDE) is a period characterized by symptoms of major depressive disorder. Those affected primarily exhibit a depressive mood for at least two weeks or more, and a loss of interest or pleasure in everyday activities. Other symptoms can include feelings of emptiness, hopelessness, anxiety ...

  5. Biology of depression - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biology_of_depression

    Biology of depression. Scientific studies have found that different brain areas show altered activity in humans with major depressive disorder (MDD), [ 1] and this has encouraged advocates of various theories that seek to identify a biochemical origin of the disease, as opposed to theories that emphasize psychological or situational causes.

  6. Beck's cognitive triad - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beck's_cognitive_triad

    Beck's cognitive triad. A diagram showing Beck's cognitive triad. Beck's cognitive triad, also known as the negative triad, [ 1][ 2] is a cognitive-therapeutic view of the three key elements of a person's belief system present in depression. It was proposed by Aaron Beck in 1967. [ 3]

  7. History of depression - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_depression

    In the mid-20th century, researchers theorized that depression was caused by a chemical imbalance in neurotransmitters in the brain, a theory based on observations made in the 1950s of the effects of reserpine and isoniazid in altering monoamine neurotransmitter levels and affecting depressive symptoms. [ 32]

  8. Behavioral theories of depression - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Behavioral_theories_of...

    Depression is a significant mental illness with physiological and psychological consequences, including sluggishness, diminished interest and pleasure, and disturbances in sleep and appetite. [1] It is predicted that by the year 2030, depression will be the number one cause of disability in the United States and other high-income countries. [2]

  9. Long-term depression - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Long-term_depression

    Long-term depression. In neurophysiology, long-term depression ( LTD) is an activity-dependent reduction in the efficacy of neuronal synapses lasting hours or longer following a long patterned stimulus. LTD occurs in many areas of the CNS with varying mechanisms depending upon brain region and developmental progress. [ 1]

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