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  2. Amethyst - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amethyst

    Amethyst. Amethyst is a violet variety of quartz. The name comes from the Koine Greek αμέθυστος amethystos from α- a-, "not" and μεθύσκω ( Ancient Greek) methysko / μεθώ metho ( Modern Greek ), "intoxicate", a reference to the belief that the stone protected its owner from drunkenness. [ 1]

  3. Opal - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opal

    black or white body color: inert to white to moderate light blue, green, or yellow in long and short wave, may also phosphoresce, common opal: inert to strong green or yellowish green in long and short wave, may phosphoresce; fire opal: inert to moderate greenish brown in long and short wave, may phosphoresce [2] Absorption spectra

  4. Lapis lazuli - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lapis_Lazuli

    A mixture of other minerals, often including pyrite. Lapis lazuli ( UK: / ˌlæpɪs ˈlæz ( j) ʊli, ˈlæʒʊ -, - ˌli /; US: / ˈlæz ( j) əli, ˈlæʒə -, - ˌli / ), or lapis for short, is a deep-blue metamorphic rock used as a semi-precious stone that has been prized since antiquity for its intense color.

  5. List of individual gemstones - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_individual_gemstones

    Opals. Andamooka Opal, presented to Queen Elizabeth II, also known as the Queen's Opal. Flame Queen Opal. Galaxy Opal. Halley's Comet Opal, the world's largest uncut black opal. Olympic Australis Opal, reported to be the largest and most valuable gem opal ever found.

  6. List of gemstones by species - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_gemstones_by_species

    This is a list of gemstones, organized by species and types. Minerals. There are over 300 types of minerals that have been used as gemstones. Such as: A–B

  7. Gemstone irradiation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gemstone_irradiation

    Gemstone irradiation is a process in which a gemstone is artificially irradiated in order to enhance its optical properties. High levels of ionizing radiation can change the atomic structure of the gemstone's crystal lattice, which in turn alters the optical properties within it. [ 1] As a result, the gem­stone's color may be significantly ...

  8. Moonstone (gemstone) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moonstone_(gemstone)

    The name moonstone derives from the stone's characteristic visual effect, called adularescence (or schiller), which produces a milky, bluish interior light. This effect is caused by light diffraction through alternating layers of orthoclase and albite within the stone. The diffracted light varies from white to blue, depending on the thinness of ...

  9. Luminous gemstones - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luminous_gemstones

    The imperial historian Gan Bao's c. 350 CE Soushen Ji ("In Search of the Supernatural") has two grateful-animal stories involving luminous pearls/gems. The first involves a black crane; according to legend, when a crane has lived a thousand years it turns blue; after another thousand it becomes black and is called a xuanhe (玄鶴. "dark crane").

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