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Errors are a function of poor analysis of behavior, a poorly designed shaping program, moving too fast from step to step in the program, and the lack of the prerequisite behavior necessary for success in the program. [citation needed] Errorless learning can also be understood at a synaptic level, using the principle of Hebbian learning ...
In information theory, the noisy-channel coding theorem (sometimes Shannon's theorem or Shannon's limit ), establishes that for any given degree of noise contamination of a communication channel, it is possible (in theory) to communicate discrete data (digital information) nearly error-free up to a computable maximum rate through the channel.
Cyclic redundancy check. A cyclic redundancy check ( CRC) is an error-detecting code commonly used in digital networks and storage devices to detect accidental changes to digital data. [ 1][ 2] Blocks of data entering these systems get a short check value attached, based on the remainder of a polynomial division of their contents.
A checksum of a message is a modular arithmetic sum of message code words of a fixed word length (e.g., byte values). The sum may be negated by means of a ones'-complement operation prior to transmission to detect unintentional all-zero messages.
Error-free message: aaaabbbbccccddddeeeeffffgggg Transmission with a burst error: aaaabbbbccc____deeeeffffgggg Here, each group of the same letter represents a 4-bit one-bit error-correcting codeword.
It is remarkable that the sum of squares of the residuals and the sample mean can be shown to be independent of each other, using, e.g. Basu's theorem.That fact, and the normal and chi-squared distributions given above form the basis of calculations involving the t-statistic:
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Data link layer. 1. Physical layer. v. t. e. The data link layer, or layer 2, is the second layer of the seven-layer OSI model of computer networking. This layer is the protocol layer that transfers data between nodes on a network segment across the physical layer. [ 2] The data link layer provides the functional and procedural means to ...