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For all-trans-retinoic acid as the metabolite of vitamin A, see Retinoic acid. Tretinoin, also known as all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA), is a medication used for the treatment of acne and acute promyelocytic leukemia. [ 8 ][ 9 ][ 10 ] For acne, it is applied to the skin as a cream, gel or ointment. [ 10 ]
Retinoic acid administered as a drug (see tretinoin and alitretinoin) causes significant toxicity that is distinct from normal retinoid biology. [6] All-trans-retinoic acid is the major occurring retinoic acid, while isomers like 13-cis- and 9-cis-retinoic acid are also present in much lower levels. [7]
Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APML, APL) is a subtype of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), a cancer of the white blood cells. [ 3 ] In APL, there is an abnormal accumulation of immature granulocytes called promyelocytes. The disease is characterized by a chromosomal translocation involving the retinoic acid receptor alpha (RARA) gene and is ...
Deaths. 147,100 (2015) [ 5 ] Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a cancer of the myeloid line of blood cells, characterized by the rapid growth of abnormal cells that build up in the bone marrow and blood and interfere with normal blood cell production. [ 1 ] Symptoms may include feeling tired, shortness of breath, easy bruising and bleeding, and ...
Retinoic acid syndrome (RAS) is a potentially life-threatening complication observed in people with acute promyelocytic leukemia (APML) and first thought to be specifically associated with all- trans retinoic acid (ATRA) (also known as tretinoin) treatment. [1] Subsequently, so-called RAS was recognized in APML patients who had been treated ...
Differentiation therapy. Differentiation therapy is a method to treating advanced cancers in which malignant cells are encouraged to differentiate into more mature forms using pharmacological agents. The basis of the therapy stems from the tendency of malignant tumor cells to assume a less specialized, stem cell -like dedifferentiated state.
First generation retinoids are produced naturally in the body and interact with their normal biological counterparts, such as retinol binding protein 4 for retinol, retinoid receptors for all-trans-retinoic acid or 9-cis-retinoic acid. [7] 13-cis retinoic acid has an unknown biological pathway but appears to act as a growth factor. [8]
CRABP1. Cellular retinoic acid-binding protein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CRABP1 gene. [5][6] CRABP1 is assumed to play an important role in retinoic acid -mediated differentiation and proliferation processes. It is structurally similar to the cellular retinol-binding proteins, but binds only retinoic acid.