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  2. Kidney failure - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kidney_failure

    Kidney failure, also known as end-stage renal disease (ESRD), is a medical condition in which the kidneys can no longer adequately filter waste products from the blood, functioning at less than 15% of normal levels. [ 2 ] Kidney failure is classified as either acute kidney failure, which develops rapidly and may resolve; and chronic kidney ...

  3. Diabetic nephropathy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diabetic_nephropathy

    Diabetic nephropathy, also known as diabetic kidney disease, [ 5 ] is the chronic loss of kidney function occurring in those with diabetes mellitus. Diabetic nephropathy is the leading causes of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) globally. The triad of protein leaking into the urine (proteinuria or albuminuria ...

  4. Blood sugar level - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood_sugar_level

    The global mean fasting plasma blood glucose level in humans is about 5.5 mmol/L (100 mg/dL); [ 11 ][ 5 ] however, this level fluctuates throughout the day. Blood sugar levels for those without diabetes and who are not fasting should be below 6.9 mmol/L (125 mg/dL). [ 12 ]

  5. Chronic kidney disease - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chronic_kidney_disease

    Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a type of long-term kidney disease, in which either there is a gradual loss of kidney function occurs over a period of months to years, or abnormal kidney structure (with normal function). [ 2 ][ 5 ] Initially generally no symptoms are seen, but later symptoms may include leg swelling, feeling tired, vomiting ...

  6. Nephrotic syndrome - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nephrotic_syndrome

    Nephrotic syndrome is a collection of symptoms due to kidney damage. This includes protein in the urine, low blood albumin levels, high blood lipids, and significant swelling. Other symptoms may include weight gain, feeling tired, and foamy urine. Complications may include blood clots, infections, and high blood pressure.

  7. Hypoglycemia - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypoglycemia

    Hypoglycemia (American English), also spelled hypoglycaemia or hypoglycæmia (British English), sometimes called low blood sugar, is a fall in blood sugar to levels below normal, typically below 70 mg/dL (3.9 mmol/L). [ 1 ][ 3 ] Whipple's triad is used to properly identify hypoglycemic episodes. [ 2 ]

  8. Dysglycemia - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dysglycemia

    Hypoglycemia is a fall in blood sugar to levels below normal. [8] This may result in a variety of symptoms including clumsiness, trouble talking, confusion, loss of consciousness, seizures or death. [8] A feeling of hunger, sweating, shakiness and weakness may also be present. [8] Symptoms typically come on quickly.

  9. Glycemic index - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glycemic_index

    Graph depicting blood sugar change during a day with three meals. The glycemic (glycaemic) index (GI; / ɡ l aɪ ˈ s iː m ɪ k / [1]) is a number from 0 to 100 assigned to a food, with pure glucose arbitrarily given the value of 100, which represents the relative rise in the blood glucose level two hours after consuming that food. [2]