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The greatest common divisor g of a and b is the unique (positive) common divisor of a and b that is divisible by any other common divisor c. [6] The greatest common divisor can be visualized as follows. [7] Consider a rectangular area a by b, and any common divisor c that divides both a and b exactly.
hide. In algebra, the greatest common divisor (frequently abbreviated as GCD) of two polynomials is a polynomial, of the highest possible degree, that is a factor of both the two original polynomials. This concept is analogous to the greatest common divisor of two integers. In the important case of univariate polynomials over a field the ...
Appearance. In mathematics, the greatest common divisor (GCD), also known as greatest common factor (GCF), of two or more integers, which are not all zero, is the largest positive integer that divides each of the integers. For two integers x, y, the greatest common divisor of x and y is denoted . For example, the GCD of 8 and 12 is 4, that is ...
Long division is the standard algorithm used for pen-and-paper division of multi-digit numbers expressed in decimal notation. It shifts gradually from the left to the right end of the dividend, subtracting the largest possible multiple of the divisor (at the digit level) at each stage; the multiples then become the digits of the quotient, and the final difference is then the remainder.
Fermat's factorization method. Fermat's factorization method, named after Pierre de Fermat, is based on the representation of an odd integer as the difference of two squares: Each odd number has such a representation. Indeed, if is a factorization of N, then. Since N is odd, then c and d are also odd, so those halves are integers.
The binary GCD algorithm, also known as Stein's algorithm or the binary Euclidean algorithm, [1][2] is an algorithm that computes the greatest common divisor (GCD) of two nonnegative integers. Stein's algorithm uses simpler arithmetic operations than the conventional Euclidean algorithm; it replaces division with arithmetic shifts, comparisons ...
For the discrete logarithm algorithm, see Pollard's rho algorithm for logarithms. Pollard's rho algorithm is an algorithm for integer factorization. It was invented by John Pollard in 1975. [ 1 ] It uses only a small amount of space, and its expected running time is proportional to the square root of the smallest prime factor of the composite ...
The greatest common divisor of two Gaussian integers is not unique, but is defined up to the multiplication by a unit. That is, given a greatest common divisor d of a and b, the greatest common divisors of a and b are d, –d, id, and –id. There are several ways for computing a greatest common divisor of two Gaussian integers a and b.