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In 2002 the "official rate" a/k/a "preferred rate" (Rls 1,752:US$1) was abolished, and the TSE rate became the basis for the new unified foreign-exchange regime. [48] Iran's Central Bank channels more than 90 per cent of hard currency into the local market (2012).
De Facto Classification of Exchange Rate Arrangements, as of April 30, 2021, and Monetary Policy Frameworks [2]; Exchange rate arrangement (Number of countries) Exchange rate anchor
In many countries there is a distinction between the official exchange rate for permitted transactions within the country, and a parallel exchange rate (or black market, grey, unregulated, unofficial, etc. exchange rate) that responds to excess demand for foreign currency at the official exchange rate.
Colour key and notes Indicates that a given currency is pegged to another currency (details) Italics indicates a state or territory with a low level of international recognition State or territory Currency Symbol [D] or Abbrev. ISO code Fractional unit Number to basic Abkhazia Abkhazian apsar [E] аҧ (none) (none) (none) Russian ruble ₽ RUB Kopeck 100 Afghanistan Afghan afghani ؋ AFN ...
Official currency substitution or full currency substitution happens when a country adopts a foreign currency as its sole legal tender, and ceases to issue the domestic currency. Another effect of a country adopting a foreign currency as its own is that the country gives up all power to vary its exchange rate .
Around 21 March 2007, the revalued Zimbabwean dollar regained least valued currency status (in terms of black market exchange rate), and on 7 September 2007 in terms of official exchange rate. After the use of the Zimbabwean dollar ceased on 12 April 2009, [ 47 ] the dong was the second least valued currency unit after the Iranian rial as of 28 ...
The opening up of the economy in the late 1980s under perestroika resulted in the recognition of more realistic exchange rates for the ruble, as follows: In November 1989 the ruble was devalued for foreign travel to a tourist rate of Rbls 6.26 per dollar (versus Rbl 0.6277 officially). [18]
India was added to the list in 2017 for 'questionable foreign exchange policies'. It had stated that India had increased its purchases of foreign exchange over the last three quarters of 2017, although the rupee still rose in value. India's net purchases of foreign exchange in 2017 as a whole totalled $56 billion (2.2% of GDP). [6]