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  2. Breathing - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breathing

    When warm, wet air from the lungs is breathed out through the nose, the cold hygroscopic mucus in the cool and dry nose re-captures some of the warmth and moisture from that exhaled air. In very cold weather the re-captured water may cause a "dripping nose". Ideally, air is breathed first out and secondly in through the nose. [9]

  3. Work of breathing - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Work_of_breathing

    The normal relaxed state of the lung and chest is partially empty. Further exhalation requires muscular work. Inhalation is an active process requiring work. [4] Some of this work is to overcome frictional resistance to flow, and part is used to deform elastic tissues, and is stored as potential energy, which is recovered during the passive process of exhalation, Tidal breathing is breathing ...

  4. Respiratory system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Respiratory_system

    Cetacea are deliberate breathers who must be awake to inhale and exhale. When stale air, warmed from the lungs, is exhaled, it condenses as it meets colder external air. As with a terrestrial mammal breathing out on a cold day, a small cloud of 'steam' appears. This is called the 'spout' and varies across species in shape, angle and height.

  5. Cold shock response - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cold_shock_response

    The first stage of cold water immersion syndrome, the cold shock response, includes a group of reflexes lasting under 5 min in laboratory volunteers and initiated by thermoreceptors sensing rapid skin cooling. Water has a thermal conductivity 25 times and a volume-specific heat capacity over 3000 times that of air; subsequently, surface cooling ...

  6. Respiratory disease - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Respiratory_disease

    Respiratory diseases, or lung diseases, [1] are pathological conditions affecting the organs and tissues that make gas exchange difficult in air-breathing animals. They include conditions of the respiratory tract including the trachea , bronchi , bronchioles , alveoli , pleurae , pleural cavity , the nerves and muscles of respiration .

  7. Exhaled breath condensate - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaled_breath_condensate

    Despite its promises, it has not been proven for screening or diagnosing diseases of the lung and other conditions, yet. It has long been appreciated that the exhaled breath is saturated by water vapour (e.g. by wind musical instrument players), but using it for studies of the lung was probably first described in the Russian scientific ...

  8. Bronchoconstriction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bronchoconstriction

    Bronchoconstriction is defined as the narrowing of the airways in the lungs (bronchi and bronchioles). Air flow in air passages can get restricted in three ways: [3] a spasmodic state of the smooth muscles in bronchi and bronchioles; an inflammation in the middle layers of the bronchi and bronchioles; excessive production of mucus.

  9. Shallow breathing - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shallow_breathing

    Shallow breathing, thoracic breathing, costal breathing or chest breathing [1] is the drawing of minimal breath into the lungs, usually by drawing air into the chest area using the intercostal muscles rather than throughout the lungs via the diaphragm. Shallow breathing can result in or be symptomatic of rapid breathing and hypoventilation ...

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