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Mitral stenosis is a valvular heart disease characterized by the narrowing of the opening of the mitral valve of the heart. [1] It is almost always caused by rheumatic valvular heart disease . Normally, the mitral valve is about 5 cm 2 during diastole.
Heart murmur, shortness of breath during exercise or lying down, fatigue, palpitations, swollen feet or ankles [1] Complications: In severe cases: congestive heart failure, arrhythmias (atrial fibrillation), pulmonary hypertension [1] Types: Acute mitral regurgitation, chronic compensated mitral regurgitation, chronic decompensated mitral ...
This test can also show leaflet calcification and the pressure gradient over the mitral valve. [32] Severe mitral stenosis is defined as a mitral valve area <1.5 cm 2. [8] Progressive mitral stenosis has a normal valve area but will have increased flow velocity across the mitral valve. [8]
Mitral valve replacement is a procedure whereby the diseased mitral valve of a patient's heart is replaced by either a mechanical or tissue (bioprosthetic) valve. The mitral valve may need to be replaced because: [1] The valve is leaky (mitral valve regurgitation) The valve is narrowed and doesn't open properly (mitral valve stenosis)
In general, the shorter the duration (S2 to Opening Snap), the more severe the mitral stenosis. However, this rule can be misleading in situations where the stenosis is so severe that the flow becomes reduced, or during high-output situations such as pregnancy where a less severe stenosis may still produce a strong murmur.
Right ventricular overload and Right-sided heart failure: Both are caused by a large ASD and MS (moderate to severe). Palpitations: This is caused by blood flowing from left atrium to the right atrium causing a higher left atrial pressure and leading to mitral stenosis.
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