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Sublingual spray—spray for the tongue; certain human and veterinary drugs are dispensed as such. Lozenge—effects a metred and patient-controlled-rate combination of sublingual, buccal, and oral administration, as with the Actiq fentanyl.
Sublingual administration is when medication is placed under the tongue to be absorbed by the body. The word "sublingual" means "under the tongue." Buccal administration involves placement of the drug between the gums and the cheek. These medications can come in the form of tablets, films, or sprays.
A study found comparable absorption of transdermal estradiol patches (within ±25% of reference) for a number of skin sites including the abdomen, upper arm, upper thigh, lower back, and side. [195] [196] However, absorption was 15% lower for the upper thigh compared to the abdomen and the difference was significant.
Thin-film drug delivery uses a dissolving film or oral drug strip to administer drugs via absorption in the mouth (buccally or sublingually) and/or via the small intestines (enterically). A film is prepared using hydrophilic polymers that rapidly dissolves on the tongue or buccal cavity, delivering the drug to the systemic circulation via ...
Absorption is the journey of a drug travelling from the site of administration to the site of action. [1] [2]The drug travels by some route of administration (oral, topical-dermal, etc.) in a chosen dosage form (e.g., tablets, capsules, or in solution). [3]
The submandibular glands (previously known as submaxillary glands) are a pair of major salivary glands located beneath the lower jaws, superior to the digastric muscles. [6] The secretion produced is a mixture of both serous fluid and mucus , and enters the oral cavity via the submandibular duct or Wharton duct. [ 7 ]
[2] [3] However, when a medication is administered via routes other than intravenous, its bioavailability is lower due to intestinal epithelium absorption and first-pass metabolism. Thereby, mathematically, bioavailability equals the ratio of comparing the area under the plasma drug concentration curve versus time (AUC) for the extravascular ...
In fish, the tongue is largely bony and much less mobile and getting the food to the back of the pharynx is helped by pumping water in its mouth and out of its gills. In snakes , the work of swallowing is done by raking with the lower jaw until the prey is far enough back to be helped down by body undulations.