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The cheerleader effect, also known as the group attractiveness effect or the friend effect, [1] is a proposed cognitive bias which causes people to perceive individuals as 1.5–2.0% more attractive in a group than when seen alone. [2] The first paper to report this effect was written by Drew Walker and Edward Vul, in 2013. [3]
The research found that, in comparison with the reference group, the attractive adolescents tended to have the following characteristics: the ratio between the volume of the forehead and that of the total face was larger; the nasal volume was smaller; the distance between outer canthi was larger; total facial height and depth were reduced.
In essence, physically attractive people are given the benefit of the doubt while less attractive individuals must prove that they are bringing value to the group. [12] It has been shown empirically that being physically attractive is correlated with both sociometric and perceived popularity.
The physical attractiveness stereotype was first formally observed in a study done by Karen Dion, Ellen Berscheid, and Elaine Walster in 1972. [1] The goal of this study was to determine whether physical attractiveness affected how individuals were perceived, specifically whether they were perceived to have more socially desirable personality traits and quality of life.
Group cohesiveness, also called group cohesion, social harmony or social cohesion, is the degree or strength of bonds linking members of a social group to one another and to the group as a whole. [1] Although cohesion is a multi-faceted process, it can be broken down into four main components: social relations , task relations, perceived unity ...
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Physical attractiveness is associated with positive qualities; in contrast, physical unattractiveness is associated with negative qualities. Many people make judgments of others based on their physical appearance which influence how they respond to these people.
These faces, as well as the component faces, were rated for attractiveness by 300 judges on a 5-point Likert scale (1 = very unattractive, 5 = very attractive). The 32-composite face was the most visually attractive of all the faces.