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The British census reported a drop in Jain population between 1891 and 1921, from 1.417 million to 1.179 million. This may be from the Jain conversions to Hinduism and causes such as famines and epidemics. [136] [137] [138]
Jainism (/ ˈ dʒ eɪ n ɪ z əm / JAY-niz-əm), also known as Jain Dharma, [1] is an Indian religion.Jainism traces its spiritual ideas and history through the succession of twenty-four tirthankaras (supreme preachers of Dharma), with the first in the current time cycle being Rishabhadeva, who lived millions of years ago, the twenty-third tirthankara Parshvanatha, whom historians date to the ...
Part of a series on Jainism Jains History Timeline Index Philosophy Anekantavada Cosmology Ahimsa Karma Dharma Mokṣa Kevala Jnana Dravya Tattva Brahmacarya Aparigraha Gunasthana Saṃsāra Ethics Ethics of Jainism Mahavratas (major vows) Ahiṃsā (non-violence) Satya (truth) Asteya (non-stealing) Brahmacarya (chastity) Aparigraha (non-possession) Anuvratas (further vows) Sāmāyika ...
[4] [8] Jain chronology places Rishabhanatha in historical terms, as someone who lived millions of years ago. [6] [9] [24] He is believed to have been born 10 224 years ago and lived for a span of 8,400,000 purva (592.704 × 10 18 years). [1] [2] His height is described in the Jain texts to be 500 bows (1312 ells), or about 4920 feet/1500 ...
The Ṣaṭkhaṇḍāgama (Prakrit: "Scripture in Six Parts") is the foremost and oldest Digambara Jain sacred text. [1] According to Digambara tradition, the original teachings of lord Mahavira were passed on orally from Ganadhar, the chief disciple of Mahavira to his disciples and so on as they had the capability of listening and remembering it for always.
Saman Suttam Information Religion Jainism Period 1974 Part of a series on Jainism Jains History Timeline Index Philosophy Anekantavada Cosmology Ahimsa Karma Dharma Mokṣa Kevala Jnana Dravya Tattva Brahmacarya Aparigraha Gunasthana Saṃsāra Ethics Ethics of Jainism Mahavratas (major vows) Ahiṃsā (non-violence) Satya (truth) Asteya (non-stealing) Brahmacarya (chastity) Aparigraha (non ...
The earliest layer of Jain literature on cosmology and universal history pivots around two jinas: the Adinatha (Rishabhanatha) and Mahavira. Stories of Parshvanatha and Neminatha appear in later Jain texts, with the Kalpa Sūtra the first known text. or depth, and the brief descriptions of the tirthankaras are largely modelled on Mahavira. [18]
The Kalpa Sūtra (Sanskrit: कल्पसूत्र) is a Jain text containing the biographies of the Jain Tirthankaras, notably Parshvanatha and Mahavira. [1] Traditionally ascribed to Bhadrabahu , which would place it in the 4th century BCE, [ 2 ] it was probably put in writing 980 or 993 years after the Nirvana ( Moksha ) of Mahavira.