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Rice-fish farming landscape in Arunachal Pradesh, Northeast India. Net gains vary between and within countries. Overall, integrated rice-fish fields have a positive impact on net returns. In Bangladesh, net returns are over 50% greater than in rice monocultures. [6] In China, the net return by region is between 45 and 270% greater. [6]
Chinese Rice Fish have been utilized in China and Asia for hundreds of years for rice farming. [6] This process allows the fish to provide protein to the rice, enhancing the food. It is proven that in the presence of rice fish, rice fields grow better, and the rice yield is increased by approximately 4–15%. [7]
Aquaculture is the farming of fish and other aquatic life in enclosures, such as ponds, lakes and tanks, or cages in rivers and coastal waters. China's 2005 reported harvest was 32.4 million tonnes, more than 10 times that of the second-ranked nation, India, which reported 2.8 million tonnes. [2]
Rice polyculture is the cultivation of rice and another crop simultaneously on the same land. The practice exploits the mutual benefit between rice and organisms such as fish and ducks: the rice supports pests which serve as food for the fish and ducks, while the animals' excrement serves as fertilizer for the rice.
Rice-duck farming is the polycultural practice of raising ducks and rice on the same land. It has existed in different forms for centuries in Asian countries including China, Indonesia, and the Philippines, sometimes also involving fish. The practice is beneficial as it yields harvests of both rice and ducks.
The Longji Rice Terraces ("Dragon's Backbone") (simplified Chinese: 龙脊梯田; traditional Chinese: 龍脊梯田; pinyin: lóngjǐ tītián), also called the Longsheng Rice Terraces ("Dragon's Victory") (simplified Chinese: 龙胜梯田; traditional Chinese: 龍勝梯田; pinyin: lóngshèng tītián), are located in the town of Longji in Longsheng Various Nationalities Autonomous County ...
A Nepali farmer winnows rice grains to separate them from the husks in a field in Khokana, Lalitpur, Nepal, on Nov. 6, 2024. Credit - Subaas Shrestha—NurPhoto via Getty Images
Polycultures involving fish and plants, have similarly been common in Eastern Asia for many centuries. In China, Japan, and Indonesia, traditional rice polycultures include rice-fish, rice-duck, and rice-fish-duck; modern aquaculture systems in the same region include shrimp and other shellfish grown in rice paddies. [7] [8]