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Shortening is any fat that is a solid at room temperature and is used to make crumbly pastry and other food products. The idea of shortening dates back to at least the 18th century, well before the invention of modern, shelf-stable vegetable shortening. [1] In the earlier centuries, lard was the primary ingredient used to shorten dough. [2]
Central European cuisine often uses rendered lard or, more recently, vegetable oil instead of butter for the preparation of roux. [citation needed] Japanese curry karē (カレー) is made from a roux made by frying yellow curry powder and flour together with butter or oil; this is called karērū (カレールー, curry roux). [citation needed]
Because of the relatively large fat crystals in lard, it is extremely effective as a shortening in baking. Pie crusts made with lard tend to be flakier than those made with butter. Many cooks employ both types of fat in their pastries to combine the shortening properties of lard with the flavor of butter. [6] [44] [45]
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Common types of fat used include butter, vegetable shortenings, lard and margarine. Butter is the most common type used because it provides a richer taste and superior mouthfeel. Shortenings and lard have a higher melting point therefore puff pastry made with either will rise more than pastry made with butter, if made correctly.
Calf suet. Suet is the raw, hard fat of beef, lamb or mutton found around the loins and kidneys.. Suet has a melting point of between 45 and 50 °C (113 and 122 °F) and congelation between 37 and 40 °C (99 and 104 °F).
1. Martha Washington’s Crab Soup. First lady Martha Washington’s crab soup was served often during the Franklin D. Roosevelt and Eisenhower administrations.
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