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The early years in the development of privacy rights began with English common law, protecting "only the physical interference of life and property". [5] The Castle doctrine analogizes a person's home to their castle – a site that is private and should not be accessible without permission of the owner.
To protect the privacy and liberty rights of individuals, federal agencies must state "the authority (whether granted by statute, or by Executive order of the President) which authorizes the solicitation of the information and whether disclosure of such information is mandatory or voluntary" when requesting information.
As of 2018, 49 states and the District of Columbia offer some form of protections [5] Forty states (plus D.C.) have passed shield laws. [6] These laws vary from state to state. Some protections apply to civil but not to criminal proceedings. Other laws protect journalists from revealing confidential sources, but not other information.
Alan Westin believes that new technologies alter the balance between privacy and disclosure and that privacy rights may limit government surveillance to protect democratic processes. Westin defines privacy as "the claim of individuals, groups, or institutions to determine for themselves when, how, and to what extent information about them is ...
The Asahi Shimbun has applied the "Case Reporting and Reporting 2004" as a unified guideline in its reporting since June 5, 2004, which states that "reporting should still start from real names," but also states in "Chapter 4: When Considering Anonymity" that "In principle, we report the juveniles (minors) and insane who caused the incident anonymously.
1. These words are related to money, economics and/or the exchange of goods and services. 2. Fixtures/items that are attached or mounted to a similar surface. 3. Related to covert operations. 4 ...
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Such sources may require anonymity to protect them from physical, economic or professional reprisals in response to their revelations. There is a strong tradition of legal source protection internationally, in recognition of the function that confidential sources play in facilitating 'watchdog' or 'accountability' journalism. While professional ...