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Other organ functional tests may be abnormal. Specific abnormalities depend on the degree of various organs involvement. A brain SPECT can show decreased blood flow to the brain and brain damage. The definite diagnosis of vasculitis is established after a biopsy of involved organ or tissue, such as skin, sinuses, lung, nerve, brain, and kidney ...
Once the diagnosis of hypertension has been made, further testing may be performed to find secondary hypertension, identify comorbidities such as diabetes, identify hypertension-caused organ damage such as chronic kidney disease or thickening of the heart muscle, and for cardiovascular disease risk stratification.
Chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) is a medical condition characterized by blood pooling in the veins, leading to increased pressure and strain on the vein walls. [1] The most common cause of CVI is superficial venous reflux, which often results in the formation of varicose veins, a treatable condition. [2]
Nerve conduction studies are beneficial to diagnose certain diseases of the nerves of the body. The test is not invasive, but can be painful due to the electrical shocks administered during the test. The shocks are associated with a low amount of electric current, so they pose minimal risk to the patients.
All people aged 65 years and over, regardless of risk factor status; All people between 50 and 69 who have a cardiovascular risk factor (particularly diabetes or smoking) Age less than 50 years, with diabetes and one other atherosclerosis risk factor (smoking, dyslipidemia, hypertension, or hyperhomocysteinemia)
Where there is a health care facility with laboratories, tests are divided into either general tests or disease-specific tests for clinical laboratories, and disease-specific tests for blood screening laboratories. [5] For each group of tests, the EDL specifies the test's name, purpose, assay format and type of specimen. [6]
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Symptoms classically affect a leg and typically develop over hours or days, [20] though they can develop suddenly or over a matter of weeks. [21] The legs are primarily affected, with 4–10% of DVT occurring in the arms. [11] Despite the signs and symptoms being highly variable, [5] the typical symptoms are pain, swelling, and redness.