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Relationship of presenting part to maternal pelvis based on presentation. The fetus enters the pelvis in the occipito-transverse plane (left or right), descent, and flexion and then rotates 90 degrees to the occipitoanterior (most commonly). Cephalic presentation. Vertex presentation with longitudinal lie: [1]
In obstetrics, a shoulder presentation is a malpresentation at childbirth where the baby is in a transverse lie (its vertebral column is perpendicular to that of the mother), thus the leading part (the part that first enters the birth canal) is an arm, a shoulder, or the trunk.
The baby is head down, facing the spine, with their back anterior. In this position, the baby's chin is tucked onto their chest, so that the smallest part of their head will be applied to the cervix first. The position is usually "Left Occiput Anterior", or LOA. Occasionally, the baby may be "Right Occiput Anterior", or ROA. [5]
In obstetrics, position is the orientation of the fetus in the womb, identified by the location of the presenting part of the fetus relative to the pelvis of the mother. Conventionally, it is the position assumed by the fetus before the process of birth, as the fetus assumes various positions and postures during the course of childbirth .
Various techniques have been tried to resolve an asynclitic position of the fetus. Vacuum extraction, a delivery assistance method used for prolonged or obstructed labor, has been shown to reverse the position from the less optimal one, known as occiput posterior or occiput transverse, to the more favorable position known as occiput anterior. [22]
In obstetrics, Leopold maneuvers are a common and systematic way to determine the position of a fetus inside the woman's uterus. They are named after the gynecologist Christian Gerhard Leopold. They are also used to estimate term fetal weight. [1] The maneuvers consist of four distinct actions, each helping to determine the position of the fetus.
Lactation consultant Chrisie Rosenthal offers five different breastfeeding positions for moms to try with their baby and latching tips for new moms.
They are referred to as upright birth positions. [3] Understanding the physical effects of each birthing position on the mother and baby is important. However, the psychological effects are crucial as well. Knowledge about birthing positions can help mothers choose the option they are most comfortable with.