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The Alpina B3 (E90) and Alpina D3 (E90) are a series of high performance compact executive cars manufactured by German automobile manufacturer Alpina from 2007 to 2013. Based on the BMW 3 Series (E90), the B3 and D3 were available in coupé, saloon, convertible (not available for the D3) and station wagon body styles.
In April 2008, the E90/E92/E93 M3 became the first BMW to be available with a dual-clutch transmission when the 7-speed Getrag "M-DCT" transmission was introduced as an option. [ 103 ] The official 0–100 km/h (62 mph) acceleration times for the coupé and saloon are 4.6 seconds with the DCT transmission (4.8 seconds with the manual ...
First marketed in March 2005, the car quickly became BMW Group's best-selling car worldwide, and by the end of the year 229,900 vehicles had been delivered. [76] The BMW E90 series was the best-selling luxury car in Canada and the United States. The 2006 E90 marked the 15th consecutive year that the 3 Series was named on Car and Driver's 10Best.
The S65 shares the same cylinder dimensions with the S85 V10, with a 92 mm (3.6 in) bore and a 75.2 mm (3.0 in) stroke. Other common features include individual throttle bodies, [3] ionic current knock sensing, [4] double-VANOS (variable valve timing) and the 12.0:1 compression ratio. [5]
Official details of the "Concept 4 Series" were released in December 2012, detailing the intention to replace the E92 3 Series coupé with a new 4 Series line. [10] [11] In 2013, the concept vehicle (called the Concept 4 Series Coupé) [12] was unveiled at the North American International Auto Show. [13] [14] The concept car was designed by Won ...
This was followed by various eastern European tractors through the 1970s (using manual operation via a single clutch pedal), then the Porsche 962 C racing car in 1985. The first DCT of the modern era was used in the 2003 Volkswagen Golf R32. Since the late 2000s, DCTs have become increasingly widespread, and have supplanted hydraulic automatic ...
The weight of the European specification M4 equipped with a manual transmission is 1,572 kg (3,466 lb) and with the M-DCT dual-clutch transmission, the car is some 40 kg (88 lb) heavier, losing some 80 kg (176 lb) as compared to the E92 M3. [4] As per its E92 predecessor, the roof of the coupe model is constructed from carbon fiber (except if ...
A shift kit is also intended to reduce the shift time of a manual vehicle. With a manual transmission, upshift time can be reduced by installing a lighter flywheel. During an upshift, the engine speed must decrease to synchronize with a higher gear; a lighter flywheel will allow the engine speed to drop more quickly, leading to shorter shift times.