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2. English Civil War - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_Civil_War

   The English Civil War was a series of civil wars and political machinations between Royalists and Parliamentarians in the Kingdom of England [b] from 1642 to 1651. Part of the wider 1639 to 1653 Wars of the Three Kingdoms, the struggle consisted of the First English Civil War and the Second English Civil War.

3. Roundhead - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roundhead

   A Roundhead as depicted by John Pettie (1870). Roundheads were the supporters of the Parliament of England during the English Civil War (1642–1651). Also known as Parliamentarians, they fought against King Charles I of England and his supporters, known as the Cavaliers or Royalists, who claimed rule by absolute monarchy and the principle of the divine right of kings. [1]

4. Battle of Maidstone - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Maidstone

   Royalist prisoners were initially held captive in All Saints Church. [8] Having acquitted themselves well in a bloody defence against a professional parliamentarian attack, 1,300 Royalist men were allowed by Fairfax to return to their homes after the surrender. [ 1 ]

5. Second English Civil War - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_English_Civil_War

   The Second English Civil War took place between February and August 1648 in England and Wales.It forms part of the series of conflicts known collectively as the 1639–1653 Wars of the Three Kingdoms, which include the 1641–1653 Irish Confederate Wars, the 1639–1640 Bishops' Wars, and the 1649–1653 Cromwellian conquest of Ireland.

6. Battle of Preston (1648) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Preston_(1648)

   The road the Parliamentarians were advancing along ran at a right angle through the centre of the Royalist line. This position halted the advance force of Parliamentarians a little before noon. The 7,000 or so Parliamentarians in their main body caught up and began deploying for battle, while skirmishing vigorously [68] [69] in heavy rain. [70]

7. First English Civil War - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_English_Civil_War

   The First English Civil War took place in England and Wales from 1642 to 1646, and forms part of the 1639 to 1653 Wars of the Three Kingdoms. [a] An estimated 15% to 20% of adult males in England and Wales served in the military at some point between 1639 and 1653, while around 4% of the total population died from war-related causes.

8. List of parliaments of England - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_parliaments_of_England

   2 April 1258 2 May 1258 ? n/a On 12 April Hugh de Lusignan occupies Westminster Hall with a body of armed men. Parliament met at London, but was adjourned on 5 May, to retire as a Council of Twenty-four to Oxford. Henry relied on his richest individual nobles, communitas regni to raise funds, for example, Earl of Derby and Earl of Salisbury. [11]

9. Battle of Winwick - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Winwick

   The three most useful accounts of the short campaign which included the battles of Preston and Winwick were written by Oliver Cromwell, commander of the Parliamentarian army; Marmaduke Langdale, commander of the English Royalists who bore the brunt of the fighting at Preston; and John Hodgson, a lieutenant in a Parliamentarian infantry regiment.