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Dibenzo-1,4-dioxin, also dibenzodioxin or dibenzo-p-dioxin (dibenzo-para-dioxin), is a polycyclic heterocyclic organic compound in which two benzene rings are connected by a 1,4-dioxin ring. Its molecular formula is C 12 H 8 O 2. The two oxygen atoms occupy opposite (para-) positions in the six-membered dioxin ring.
2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) is a polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin (sometimes shortened, though inaccurately, to simply 'dioxin') [3] with the chemical formula C 12 H 4 Cl 4 O 2. Pure TCDD is a colorless solid with no distinguishable odor at room temperature.
They are commonly but inaccurately referred to as dioxins for simplicity, because every PCDD molecule contains a dibenzo-1,4-dioxin skeletal structure, with 1,4-dioxin as the central ring. Members of the PCDD family bioaccumulate in humans and wildlife because of their lipophilic properties, and may cause developmental disturbances and cancer .
This article lists veterinary pharmaceutical drugs alphabetically by name. Many veterinary drugs have more than one name and, therefore, the same drug may be listed more than once. Abbreviations are used in the list as follows: INN = International Nonproprietary Name; BAN = British Approved Name; USAN = United States Adopted Name
Rood & Riddle has been called the "Mayo Clinic for horses" and is a full-service equine referral center. In a 2002 interview, Rood said the hospital treated about 10,000 cases each year, which included 4,600 surgeries and 1,293 arthroscopies. Their most common cases were colic and pneumonia.
2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) is the reference chemical to which the toxicity of other dioxins and DLCs are compared. TCDD is the most toxic DLC known. Other dioxins and DLCs are assigned a scaling factor, or TEF, in comparison to TCDD. TCDD has a TEF of 1.0. Sometimes PCB 126 is also used as a reference chemical, with a TEF of 0.1.
The uncertainty and variability in the dose–response relationship of dioxins in terms of their toxicity, as well as the ability of dioxins to bioaccumulate, have led WHO experts to recommending very low tolerable daily intake (TDI) of dioxin, 1-4 pg/kg body weight per day, i.e. 7x10 −11 to 2.8x10 −10 g per 70-kg person per day, to allow ...
The half-lives of Hexachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin and octachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin were estimated to be 3.5 and 2 years, respectively. [6] The effects of chlorodibenzo-p-dioxin exposure was examined in rats over a 13-week period. Hepatic accumulation was associated with alterations of several biochemical parameters.