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A brown fat cell. Yellow adipose tissue in paraffin. White fat cells contain a single large lipid droplet surrounded by a layer of cytoplasm, and are known as unilocular. The nucleus is flattened and pushed to the periphery. A typical fat cell is 0.1 um in diameter [2] with some being twice that
Adipogenesis is the formation of adipocytes (fat cells) from stem cells. [1] It involves 2 phases, determination, and terminal differentiation. Determination is mesenchymal stem cells committing to the adipocyte precursor cells, also known as lipoblasts or preadipocytes which lose the potential to differentiate to other types of cells such as ...
In mammals, they include, among others, hematopoietic stem cells, which replenish blood and immune cells, basal cells, which maintain the skin epithelium, and mesenchymal stem cells, which maintain bone, cartilage, muscle and fat cells. Adult stem cells are a small minority of cells; they are vastly outnumbered by the progenitor cells and ...
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), also known as mesenchymal stromal cells or medicinal signaling cells, are multipotent stromal cells that can differentiate into a variety of cell types, including osteoblasts (bone cells), chondrocytes (cartilage cells), myocytes (muscle cells) and adipocytes (fat cells which give rise to marrow adipose tissue).
A stem cell possesses two properties: . Self-renewal is the ability to go through numerous cycles of cell division while still maintaining its undifferentiated state. Stem cells can replicate several times and can result in the formation of two stem cells, one stem cell more differentiated than the other, or two differentiated cells.
IL-6 is produced by adipocytes and is thought to be a reason why obese individuals have higher endogenous levels of CRP. [10] IL-6 may exert a tonic suppression of body fat in mature mice, given that IL-6 gene knockout causes mature onset obesity. [11] [12] [13] Moreover, IL-6 can suppress body fat mass via effects at the level of the CNS. [11]
Stem cell fat grafting is the autotransplantation of adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) extracted from fat-abundant donor sites (e.g. thigh or stomach) to other areas such as the face, breast, and hip to reconstruct the operative areas into desirable shapes. [1]
Another option is to administer certain drugs that stimulate the release of stem cells from the bone marrow into circulating blood. [41] An intravenous catheter is inserted into the donor's arm, and the stem cells are then filtered out of the blood. This procedure is similar to that used in blood or platelet donation.