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Cocaine is associated with retinal toxicity mainly through its negative impacts on the retinal vasculature. [18] Cocaine use causes increased norepinephrine levels and the resulting sympathetic activation leads to vasospasm and hypertension, [19] both of which are risk factors to retinal blood vessel damage.
Mydriasis can be induced via modulation of adrenergic or cholinergic signalling. Drugs that can cause mydriasis include: Stimulants (typically monoaminergics) such as amphetamines, cocaine, MDMA, and mephedrone. Anticholinergics such as diphenhydramine, atropine, hyoscyamine, and scopolamine antagonize the muscarinic acetylcholine receptors in ...
A human adult exhibiting voluntary control over his iris muscles, where he can cause his pupil to dilate and constrict on command. A dilation response , is the widening of the pupil and may be caused by adrenaline; anticholinergic agents; stimulant drugs such as MDMA, cocaine, and amphetamines; and some hallucinogenics (e.g. LSD). [3]
Side effects include eye aches, dilated pupils, headaches, nearsightedness, or blurred or dimmed vision. ... for similar reasons to the drugs above. Side effects can include floaters and eye ...
This pattern can be revealed via visual field testing. Upon examination, the pupils usually demonstrate a normal response to light and near stimulation. In those who are practically blind, the pupils will be dilated with a weak or absent response to light. The optic disc may appear normal, swollen, or hyperemic in early stages.
Cocaine drop test: Cocaine eyedrops block the reuptake of post-ganglionic norepinephrine resulting in the dilation of a normal pupil from retention of norepinephrine in the synapse. However, in Horner's syndrome the lack of norepinephrine in the synaptic cleft causes mydriatic failure.
Consumption can be fatal, or recovery can occur with permanent neurologic and ophthalmologic deficits. While the visual loss is not very common, increased intracranial pressure can cause bilateral optic disc swelling from cerebral edema. A clue to the cause of intoxication is the presence of oxalate crystals in the urine.
Semaglutide can raise your risk of dry eye and cause changes in vision, so your doctor may recommend you start artificial tears or change your glasses prescription, if you wear them, he says.