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Although complications during anesthesia are rare, potentially life-threatening consequences may occur if an anaphylactic reaction develops. The severity of the reaction whilst under anesthesia is because the anesthetist is only made aware of the allergy when it is severe enough to compromise the cardiovascular system and the respiratory system.
Side effects on the lungs can be very varied, and can include signs and symptoms that are either clinical, or radiological (i.e., seen on chest X-ray or CT), or both.They can include lung inflammation (pneumonitis), secondary (in this context, indirectly caused) lung infection (), lung fibrosis, organising pneumonia (bronchiolitis obliterans organising pneumonia, BOOP), ARDS (acute respiratory ...
Preanesthetic assessment (also called preanesthesia evaluation, pre-anesthesia checkup (PAC) or simply preanesthesia) is a medical check-up and laboratory investigations done by an anesthesia provider or a registered nurse before an operation, to assess the patient's physical condition and any other medical problems or diseases the patient might have. [1]
The administration of anesthesia causes suppression of protective reflexes, most importantly the gag reflex. As a result, stomach particles can easily enter the lungs. Certain risk factors predispose individuals to aspiration, especially conditions causing dysfunction of the upper gastrointestinal system. [24]
Of operative risk factors, surgical site is the most important predictor of risk for PPCs (aortic, thoracic, and upper abdominal surgeries being the highest-risk procedures, even in healthy patients. [16] The value of preoperative testing, such as spirometry, to estimate pulmonary risk is of controversial value and is debated in medical literature.
General anesthesia is usually considered safe; however, there are reported cases of patients with distortion of taste and/or smell due to local anesthetics, stroke, nerve damage, or as a side effect of general anesthesia. [46] [47] At the end of surgery, administration of anaesthetic agents is discontinued.
Therapy interventions for respiratory compromise target secondary effects of the condition, which manifest as pulmonary pathologies or aggravate existing pulmonary conditions. Appropriately administered antibiotic therapy can reduce the risk of mortality in patients with moderate to severe pneumonia , and timely ventilation therapy can reduce ...
The respiratory center of the brain is located in the pons and medulla and is primarily driven by elevated carbon dioxide levels in the blood (hypercapnia) with decreased oxygen levels serving as a less potent stimulus. [9] Central nervous system disorders, such as stroke and tumors, may cause hypoventilation. Drugs may decrease respiratory ...