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Experts disagree on the importance of ideology in IS. According to Cole Bunzel, not all members of IS are aware of the ideology of the group they support. [1] On the other hand, Princeton scholar Bernard Haykel, who specializes in the study of IS, argues that many Western observers fail to understand the passionate attachment of IS—including to its rank and file—to religious doctrine ...
It was also in this context that the famous dictum that Islam is both a religion and a state (al-Islam din wa dawla) was first popularized. [ 1 ] The modern conception of Islamic state was first articulated by the Syrian-Egyptian Islamic theologian Muḥammad Rashīd Riḍā (1865–1935).
Roman statue of Isis, second century CE. Greco-Roman mysteries were voluntary, secret initiation rituals. [2] They were dedicated to a particular deity or group of deities, and used a variety of intense experiences, such as nocturnal darkness interrupted by bright light, or loud music or noise, that induced a state of disorientation and an intense religious experience.
Christians remain the most persecuted religious group in the Middle East, and Christians in Iraq are “close to extinction”. [ 228 ] [ 229 ] [ 230 ] According to estimates by the US State Department , the number of Christians in Iraq has fallen from 1.2 million 2011 to 120,000 in 2024, and the number in Syria from 1.5 million to 300,000 ...
Her worship may have influenced Christian beliefs and practices such as the veneration of Mary, but the evidence for this influence is ambiguous and often controversial. Isis continues to appear in Western culture, particularly in esotericism and modern paganism, often as a personification of nature or the feminine aspect of divinity.
The persecution of Christians by the Islamic State involves the systematic mass murder [1] [2] [3] of Christian minorities, within the regions of Iraq, Syria, Egypt, Libya, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Mozambique and Nigeria controlled by the Islamic extremist group Islamic State.
The Isis Apocalypse: The History, Strategy, and Doomsday Vision of the Islamic State (Reprint ed.). New York City: St Martin's Press. ISBN 978-1250112644. Nance, Malcolm (2017). Defeating ISIS: Who They Are, How They Fight, What They Believe. New York City: Skyhorse Publishing. ISBN 978-1510711846. Warrick, Joby (2015). Black Flags: The Rise of ...
According to The Economist, the group also adopted certain practices seen in Saudi Arabia, including the establishment of religious police to root out "vice" and enforce attendance at daily prayers, the widespread use of capital punishment, and the destruction of Christian churches and non-Sunni mosques or their conversion to other uses.