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Cannabis contains over 100 different cannabinoid compounds, many of which have displayed psychoactive effects. The most distinguished cannabinoids are tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD), with THC being the primary psychoactive agent. [24] [12] The effects of THC and CBD are salient regarding psychosis and anxiety. [25]
[4] [20] CBD does not have the same psychoactivity as THC, [25] [26] and can modulate the psychoactive effects of THC on the body if both are present. [17] [25] [27] [28] Conversion of CBD to THC can occur when CBD is heated to temperatures between 250–300 °C, potentially leading to its partial transformation into THC. [29]
In Phase III trials, the most common adverse effects were dizziness, drowsiness and disorientation; 12% of subjects stopped taking the drug because of the side effects. [57] Dronabinol (brand names Marinol and Syndros) is a delta-9-THC containing drug for treating HIV/AIDS-induced anorexia and chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting. [58]
Common side effects include dizziness, feeling tired, vomiting, and hallucinations. [7] Long-term effects of cannabis are not clear. [7] Concerns include memory and cognition problems, risk of addiction, schizophrenia in young people, and the risk of children taking it by accident. [6]
A dried cannabis flower. The short-term effects of cannabis are caused by many chemical compounds in the cannabis plant, including 113 [clarification needed] different cannabinoids, such as tetrahydrocannabinol, and 120 terpenes, [1] which allow its drug to have various psychological and physiological effects on the human body.
The metabolite N-(3-hydroxypentyl) JWH-018 was found to have toxic effects that its parent compound does not. [70] Some metabolites even appear to be cannabinoid antagonists . [ 71 ] Lastly, they may contain unwanted substances, be mislabeled, or contain different doses than advertised (in one analysis, a difference of one log unit was found).
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H4CBD (hydrogenated CBD, tetrahydrocannabidiol) is a cannabinoid that was first synthesized by Alexander R. Todd in 1940 derived from the catalytic hydrogenation of cannabidiol. [ 1 ] H2-CBD and 8,9-dihydrocannabidiol have also been referred to as "hydrogenated CBD", which may cause confusion.