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Livedo reticularis is a common skin finding consisting of a mottled reticulated vascular pattern that appears as a lace-like purplish discoloration of the skin. [1] The discoloration is caused by reduction in blood flow through the arterioles that supply the cutaneous capillaries, resulting in deoxygenated blood showing as blue discoloration ().
Acanthosis nigricans is a medical sign characterised by brown-to-black, poorly defined, velvety hyperpigmentation of the skin. [1] It is usually found in body folds, [2] such as the posterior and lateral folds of the neck, the armpits, groin, navel, forehead and other areas. [1]
Schamberg's disease, (also known as "progressive pigmentary dermatosis of Schamberg", [1] "purpura pigmentosa progressiva" (PPP), [1] and "Schamberg's purpura" [1]) is a chronic discoloration of the skin found in people of all ages, usually only affecting the feet, legs or thighs or a combination. It may occur as a single event or subsequent ...
Intravenous iron therapy has an established role in the treatment of iron deficiency anaemia when oral supplements are ineffective or cannot be used. [12] IV iron infusions can administer the exact dose of iron to normalise levels in the blood. [7] Pre-operative anaemia is associated with high risk of death.
Postinflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH) is a skin condition characterized by the darkening of the skin (hyperpigmentation) following an inflammatory injury, such as acne, dermatitis, infectious disease, or trauma. Less frequently, it may occur as a complication of a medical procedure performed on the skin. It is a common cause of skin ...
The skin will appear paler than the surrounding skin surface once an injury has healed. [4] Different areas of the skin may be hypopigmented as a result of other genetic illnesses. Hypopigmentation can be caused by hereditary conditions such as vitiligo, melasma, pityriasis versicolor, pityriasis alba, albinism, and fungal infections. [4]
Hyperpigmentation can be caused by sun damage, inflammation, or other skin injuries, including those related to acne vulgaris. [1] [2] [3]: 854 People with darker skin tones are more prone to hyperpigmentation, especially with excess sun exposure. [4] Many forms of hyperpigmentation are caused by an excess production of melanin. [4]
Pallor is a pale color of the skin that can be caused by illness, emotional shock or stress, stimulant use, or anemia, and is the result of a reduced amount of oxyhaemoglobin and may also be visible as pallor of the conjunctivae of the eyes on physical examination. Pallor is more evident on the face and palms. It can develop suddenly or ...