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The USGS defined the biogeochemical pathway of selenium moving "from rock to duck” as the 'Kesterson effect". [13] The group of symptoms and effects observed in birds from research at Kesterson Reservoir is known as "Kesterson Syndrome". [14] Selenium is a naturally occurring element in the environment, and is an essential dietary nutrient.
A list of possible symptoms a dog with Lepto may exhibit are fever, sore muscles, reluctance to move, shivering, weakness, a runny nose, increased thirst and urination and a lack of appetite.
Wildlife in this region suffered deformities [1] due to selenium poisoning, drawing the attention of news media and leading to the closure of the refuge. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Kesterson Reservoir was a unit of the refuge but is now part of San Luis National Wildlife Refuge .
Selenium is a component of the amino acids selenocysteine and selenomethionine. In humans, selenium is a trace element nutrient that functions as cofactor for glutathione peroxidases and certain forms of thioredoxin reductase. [1] Selenium-containing proteins are produced from inorganic selenium via the intermediacy of selenophosphate (PSeO 3 3 ...
Exposure at high concentrations, even for less than a minute, causes the gas to attack the eyes and mucous membranes; this causes cold-like symptoms for at least a few days afterwards. In Germany, the limit in drinking water is 0.008 mg/L, and the US EPA recommends a maximum contamination of 0.01 mg/L. [ 8 ] [ 12 ]
This process leaches natural soluble selenium compounds (such as selenates) into the water, which may then be concentrated in wetlands as the water evaporates. Selenium pollution of waterways also occurs when selenium is leached from coal flue ash, mining and metal smelting , crude oil processing, and landfill. [ 103 ]
Indicator bacteria are types of bacteria used to detect and estimate the level of fecal contamination of water. They are not dangerous to human health but are used to indicate the presence of a health risk. Each gram of human feces contains approximately ~100 billion (1 × 10 11) bacteria. [1]
The infection is transmitted by ingestion of contaminated water, ingestion of a second intermediate host such as a frog or snake, or contact between a second intermediate host and an open wound or mucous membrane. [5] [6] Humans are the accidental hosts in the life cycle, while dogs, cats, and other mammals are definitive hosts.