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Ratio. In mathematics, a ratio (/ ˈreɪʃ (i) oʊ /) shows how many times one number contains another. For example, if there are eight oranges and six lemons in a bowl of fruit, then the ratio of oranges to lemons is eight to six (that is, 8:6, which is equivalent to the ratio 4:3). Similarly, the ratio of lemons to oranges is 6:8 (or 3:4) and ...
Stock A over the past 20 years had an average return of 10 percent, with a standard deviation of 20 percentage points (pp) and Stock B, over the same period, had average returns of 12 percent but a higher standard deviation of 30 pp. On the basis of risk and return, an investor may decide that Stock A is the safer choice, because Stock B's ...
Percentage. In mathematics, a percentage (from Latin per centum 'by a hundred') is a number or ratio expressed as a fraction of 100. It is often denoted using the percent sign (%), [1] although the abbreviations pct., pct, and sometimes pc are also used. [2] A percentage is a dimensionless number (pure number), primarily used for expressing ...
A percentage change is a way to express a change in a variable. It represents the relative change between the old value and the new one. [6]For example, if a house is worth $100,000 today and the year after its value goes up to $110,000, the percentage change of its value can be expressed as = = %.
In statistics, the 68–95–99.7 rule, also known as the empirical rule, and sometimes abbreviated 3sr, is a shorthand used to remember the percentage of values that lie within an interval estimate in a normal distribution: approximately 68%, 95%, and 99.7% of the values lie within one, two, and three standard deviations of the mean, respectively.
A simple fraction (also known as a common fraction or vulgar fraction, where vulgar is Latin for "common") is a rational number written as a / b or , where a and b are both integers. [9] As with other fractions, the denominator (b) cannot be zero. Examples include 1 2 , − 8 5 , −8 5 , and 8 −5 .
A concentration ratio (CR) is the sum of the percentage market shares of (a pre-specified number of) the largest firms in an industry. An n -firm concentration ratio is a common measure of market structure and shows the combined market share of the n largest firms in the market. For example, if n = 5, CR5 defines the combined market share of ...
The sum of the ones digit, double the tens digit, four times the hundreds digit, and eight times the thousands digit is divisible by 16. 157,648: 7 × 8 + 6 × 4 + 4 × 2 + 8 = 96 17: Subtract 5 times the last digit from the rest. (Works because 51 is divisible by 17.) 221: 22 − 1 × 5 = 17. Add 12 times the last digit to the rest.