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  2. Quartz - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quartz

    A synthetic quartz crystal grown by the hydrothermal method, about 19 centimetres (7.5 in) long and weighing about 127 grams (4.5 oz) Not all varieties of quartz are naturally occurring. Some clear quartz crystals can be treated using heat or gamma-irradiation to induce color where it would not otherwise have occurred naturally. Susceptibility ...

  3. Hydrothermal synthesis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrothermal_synthesis

    t. e. A synthetic quartz crystal grown by the hydrothermal method. Hydrothermal synthesis includes the various techniques of crystallizing substances from high-temperature aqueous solutions at high vapor pressures; also termed "hydrothermal method". The term "hydrothermal" is of geologic origin. [1] Geochemists and mineralogists have studied ...

  4. Fused quartz - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fused_quartz

    Fused quartz, fused silica or quartz glass is a glass consisting of almost pure silica (silicon dioxide, SiO 2) in amorphous (non- crystalline) form. This differs from all other commercial glasses, such as soda-lime glass, lead glass, or borosilicate glass, in which other ingredients are added which change the glasses' optical and physical ...

  5. Engineered stone - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engineered_stone

    Engineered stone. Engineered stone is a composite material made of crushed stone bound together by an adhesive to create a solid surface. The adhesive is most commonly polymer resin, with some newer versions using cement mix. This category includes engineered quartz (SiO 2), polymer concrete and engineered marble stone. [1]

  6. Silicon dioxide - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon_dioxide

    This property is used to grow single crystals of quartz in a hydrothermal process where natural quartz is dissolved in superheated water in a pressure vessel that is cooler at the top. Crystals of 0.5–1 kg can be grown for 1–2 months. [12] These crystals are a source of very pure quartz for use in electronic applications. [15]

  7. Silicate mineral - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicate_mineral

    A silicate mineral is generally an inorganic compound consisting of subunits with the formula [SiO 2+n] 2n−. Although depicted as such, the description of silicates as anions is a simplification. Balancing the charges of the silicate anions are metal cations, M x+. Typical cations are Mg 2+, Fe 2+, and Na +.

  8. Gemstone - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gemstone

    Gemstone. Group of precious and semiprecious stones—both uncut and faceted—including (clockwise from top left) diamond, uncut synthetic sapphire, ruby, uncut emerald, and amethyst crystal cluster. A gemstone (also called a fine gem, jewel, precious stone, semiprecious stone, or simply gem) is a piece of mineral crystal which, when cut or ...

  9. Czochralski method - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czochralski_method

    e. The Czochralski method, also Czochralski technique or Czochralski process, is a method of crystal growth used to obtain single crystals of semiconductors (e.g. silicon, germanium and gallium arsenide), metals (e.g. palladium, platinum, silver, gold), salts and synthetic gemstones. The method is named after Polish scientist Jan Czochralski ...

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