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The standard definition of a left shift is an absolute band form count greater than 7700/microL. [3] There are competing explanations for the origin of the phrase "left shift," including the left-most button arrangement of early cell sorting machines [4] [5] and a 1920s publication by Josef Arneth, containing a graph in which immature neutrophils, with fewer segments, shifted the median left. [6]
Wallerian degeneration is an active process of degeneration that results when a nerve fiber is cut or crushed and the part of the axon distal to the injury (which in most cases is farther from the neuron's cell body) degenerates. [1]
Mediastinal shift is an abnormal movement of the mediastinal structures toward one side of the chest cavity. A shift indicates a severe imbalance of pressures inside the chest. [ 1 ] Mediastinal shifts are generally caused by increased lung volume, decreased lung volume, or abnormalities in the pleural space.
Regenerative medicine deals with the "process of replacing, engineering or regenerating human or animal cells, tissues or organs to restore or establish normal function". [1] This field holds the promise of engineering damaged tissues and organs by stimulating the body's own repair mechanisms to functionally heal previously irreparable tissues ...
Degenerative disease is the result of a continuous process based on degenerative cell changes, affecting tissues or organs, which will increasingly deteriorate over time. [1] In neurodegenerative diseases, cells of the central nervous system stop working or die via neurodegeneration. An example of this is Alzheimer's disease. [2]
Structural changes continue during adulthood as brain shrinkage commences after the age of 35, at a rate of 0.2% per year. [4] The rate of decline is accelerated when individuals reach 70 years old. [5] By the age of 90, the human brain will have experienced a 15% loss of its initial peak weight. [6]
Transdifferentiation, also known as lineage reprogramming, [1] is the process in which one mature somatic cell is transformed into another mature somatic cell without undergoing an intermediate pluripotent state or progenitor cell type. [2]
Guillain–Barré syndrome – nerve damage. Neuroregeneration in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) occurs to a significant degree. [5] [6] After an injury to the axon, peripheral neurons activate a variety of signaling pathways which turn on pro-growth genes, leading to reformation of a functional growth cone and regeneration.