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Las castas.Casta painting showing 16 racial groupings. Anonymous, 18th century, oil on canvas, 148×104 cm, Museo Nacional del Virreinato, Tepotzotlán, Mexico Casta (Spanish:) is a term which means "lineage" in Spanish and Portuguese and has historically been used as a racial and social identifier.
Casta painting by Miguel Cabrera, Español e India, Mestizo. 1763.. Miguel Mateo Maldonado y Cabrera (1695–1768) was a Mestizo [1] painter born in Oaxaca but moved to Mexico City, the capital of Viceroyalty of New Spain. [2]
New Spain, officially the Viceroyalty of New Spain (Spanish: Virreinato de Nueva España [birejˈnato ðe ˈnweβa esˈpaɲa] ⓘ; Nahuatl: Yankwik Kaxtillan Birreiyotl), [4] originally the Kingdom of New Spain, was an integral territorial entity of the Spanish Empire, established by Habsburg Spain.
Casta painting showing 16 hierarchically arranged, mixed-race groupings, with indios mecos set outside of the orderly set of "civilized" society. Ignacio Maria Barreda, 1777. Real Academia Española de la Lengua, Madrid. Luis de Mena, Virgin of Guadalupe and castas, 1750. Another single-canvas casta painting with similarities to Barreda's.
Unlike many casta paintings that show scenes of imagined everyday life of the racial types, O'Crouley's lack any further context. [ 11 ] He wrote short descriptions of New Spain's principal cities, the capital Mexico City, the second largest city Puebla ; Valladolid (now Morelia ); Oaxaca; Guadalajara; Durango; Acapulco; and Veracruz.
It was founded in 1582 by Spanish and Portuguese settlers when Philip II, King of Spain and its colonies, encouraged the colonization of Northern New Spain, and authorized the creation of a 'realm' which would have the name of Nuevo Reyno de León (New Kingdom of León), after the former Kingdom of León in Spain.
Gaspar de la Cerda Silva Sandoval y Mendoza, 8th Count of Galve, Lord of Salcedón and Tortola (in full, Spanish: Don Gaspar Melchor Baltasar de la Cerda Silva Sandoval y Mendoza, Conde de Gelve y Señor de Salcedón y Tortola) (11 January 1653 – 12 March 1697) was viceroy of New Spain from November 20, 1688, to February 26, 1696.
Nueva Vizcaya (New Biscay, Basque: Bizkai Berria) was the first province in the north of New Spain to be explored and settled by the Spanish. It consisted mostly of the area which is today the states of Chihuahua and Durango and the southwest of Coahuila in Mexico as well as parts of Texas in the United States.